An audio effect is the modification of an audio signal to make it sound more interesting or to change its sound characteristic. The use of effects for sound modification has changed over the centuries and has been applied with different means. All effects simulate physical sound production and propagation by acoustical, mechanical or electronic means.
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Zölzer, U. (2008). Audio Effects Generation. In: Havelock, D., Kuwano, S., Vorländer, M. (eds) Handbook of Signal Processing in Acoustics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30441-0_41
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