Summary
APD is a prevalent personality disorder, one that causes moderate to severe life impairment. Despite its severity, effective treatment regimens have been developed that reduce social avoidance and help these individuals increase their quality of life. Although researchers have made some strides toward understanding the condition, much remains to be done, particularly in regards to the psychosocial factors that contribute to the disorder and may be key to treating it.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Alden, L. E., Laposa, J. M., Taylor, C. T., & Ryder, R. G. (2002). Avoidant personality disorder: Current status and future directions. Journal of Personality Disorders, 16, 1–29.
Arntz, A. (1999). Do personality disorders exist? On the validity of the concept and its cognitive-behavioural formulation and treatment. Behavior Research and Therapy, 37, 97–134.
Barber, J. P., Morse, J. Q., Krakauer, I. D., Chittams, J., & Crits-Christoph, K. (1997). Change in obsessive-compulsive and avoidant personality disorders following Time-limited Supportive-Expressive Therapy. Psychotherapy, 34, 133–143.
Beck, A. T., & Freeman, A. (1990). Cognitive therapy of personality disorders. New York: The Guilford Press.
Blanco, C., Schneier, F. R., Schmidt, A., Blanco-Jerez, C. R., Marshall, R. D., Sanchez-Lacay, A., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2003). Pharmacological treatment of social anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety, 18, 29–40.
Chambless, D. L., Tran, G. Q., & Glass, C. R. (1997). Predictors of response to cognitive behavioral group therapy for social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 211–240.
Coolidge, F. L. (1993). The Coolidge Axis II Inventory: Manual. Colorado Springs, CO: Author.
First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, B. W., & Benjamin, L. S. (1997). User’s guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders. Washington, DC.: merican Psychiatric Press.
Heimberg, R. G. (1996). Social phobia, avoidant personality disorder and the multi-axial conceptualization of interpersonal anxiety. In P. M. Salkovskis (Ed.), Trends in cognitive and behavioural therapies (pp. 43–61). New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Hyler, S. E. (1994). Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute.
Hyler, S. E., Skodol, A. E., Kellman, H. D., Oldham, J., & Rosnick, L. (1990). The validity of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire: A comparison with two structured interviews. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1043–1048.
Joyce, P. R., Rogers, G. R., Miller, A. L., Mulder, R. T., Luty, S. E., & Kennedy, M. A. (2003). Polymorphisms of DRD4 and DRD3 and risk of avoidant and obsessive personality traits and disorders. Psychiatry Research, 119, 1–10.
Liebowitz, M. R., Barlow, D. H., Ballenger, J. C., Davidson, J., Foa, E. B., Fyer, A. J., Koopman, C., Kozak, M. J. & Speigel, D. (1998). DSM-IV anxiety disorders: Final overview. In T. A. Widiger, A. J. Frances, H. A. Pincus, R. Ross, M. B. First, W. Davis, & M. Kline (Eds.), DSM-IV sourcebook (Vol. 4, pp. 1047–1076). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Loranger, A. E. (1988). Personality Disorder Examination (PDE) manual. White Plains, NY: Author.
Millon, T. (1969). Modern psychopathology: A biosocial approach to maladaptive learning and functioning. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
Millon, T. (1994). Manual for the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Minneapolis: National Computer Systems.
Papakostas, G. I., Petersen, T. J., Farabaugh, A. H., Murakami, J. L., Pava, J. A., Alpert, J. E., et al., (2003). Psychiatric comorbidity as a predictor of clinical response to nortriptyline in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64, 1357–1361.
Pfohl, B., Blum, N., & Zimmerman, M. (1995). Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality SIDP-IV. Iowa City: University of Iowa, Department of Psychiatry.
Schneier, F. R., Blanco, C., Anita, S. X., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2002). The social anxiety spectrum. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 25, 757–774.
Stuart, S., Pfohl, B., Battaglia, M., Bellodi, L., Grove, W., & Cadoret, R. (1998). The Cooccurence of DSM-III-R personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 14, 291–299.
Taylor, C. T, Laposa, J. M., & Alden, L. E. (2004). Is Avoidant Personality Disorder more than just social avoidance? Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 573–597.
Widiger, T. A. (2001). Social anxiety, social phobia, and avoidant personality disorder. In R. Crozier & L. E. Alden (Eds.), International handbook of social anxiety: Concepts, research and interventions relating to the self and shyness. (pp. 335–356). United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
Widiger, T. A., Mangine, S., Corbitt, E. M., Ellis, C. G., & Thomas, G. V. (1995). Personality disorder interview-IV: A semistructured interview for the assessment of personality disorders. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Chauncey, D. L., & Gunderson, J. G. (1987). The Diagnostic Interview for Personality Disorders: Interrater and test-retest reliability. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 28, 467–480.
Zanarini, M. C., Skodol, A. E., Bender, D., Dolan, R., Sanislow, C., Schafer, E., et al. (2000). The collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study: Reliability of Axis I and II diagnoses. Journal of Personality Disorders, 14, 291–299.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alden, L.E., Laposa, J.M., Taylor, C.T. (2006). Avoidant Personality Disorder. In: Fisher, J.E., O’Donohue, W.T. (eds) Practitioner’s Guide to Evidence-Based Psychotherapy. Springer, Boston, MA . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-28370-8_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-28370-8_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-28369-2
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-28370-8
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)