Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Histological Symptoms of Air Pollution Injury in Foliage, Bark, and Xylem of Abies religiosa in the Basin of Mexico

  • Chapter
Urban Air Pollution and Forests

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 156))

  • 220 Accesses

Abstract

Histological research has provided valuable information contributing to our understanding of the impacts of air pollution on plant species (Thomson 1975; Weber and Grulke 1995). Tissue modifications may appear before visible symptoms in leaves and stems. Tissue modifications can also be used as indicators of air pollution effects (Bernal et al. 2002; Fincher and Alscher 1992). Anatomical studies help elucidate biochemical and physiological changes that may possibly occur in plants exposed to pollutants, especially those changes related to net photosynthesis, allocation of resources (carbohydrates), and mechanisms of injury response. Xylem studies using dendrochronological techniques make it possible to reconstruct past events in forest communities and to determine tree growth rates in species exposed to air pollutants based on changes in ring width, density, and element composition (Weber and Grulke 1995).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acosta-Montoya, J. 1998. Comportamiento de la Distribución de Biomasa en Brizales de Abies religiosa (H.B.K.) Schl. et Cham. en Declinación. Tesis de Licenciatura. Chapingo, Estado de México, México: Division de Ciencias Forestales. Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alarcon-C., M.A., de Bauer, Ma. L.I., Jasso-M., J., Segura-W., G., and Zepeda-B., E.M. 1993. Patrón de crecimiento radial en los árboles de Pinus hartwegii afectados por contaminatión atmosférica en el suroeste del Valle de Mexico. Agrociencia Serie Recursos Naturales Renovables 3:67–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarado-R., D., de Bauer, L.I., and Galindo-A., J. 1993. Decline of sacred fir (Abies religiosa) in a forest park south of Mexico city. Environ. Pollut. 80:115–121.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez-C., D.E. 1996. Determinación de Alteraciones a Nivel Citológico e Histoquímico en Abies religiosa (H.B.K.) Schl. et Cham. del Desierto de los Leones del D.F. y su Relación con el Ozono. Tesis de Maestría. Máxico, D.F.: Division de Estudios de Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM).

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez, D., Laguna, G., and Rosas, I. 1998. Macroscopic and microscopic symptoms in Abies religiosa exposed to ozone in a forest near Mexico City. Environ. Pollut. 103:251–259.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauch, J. 1986. Characteristics and response of wood in declining trees from forests affected by pollution. IAWA Bull. n.s. 7:269–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baucker, E., Bemmann, A., Bues, C.T., and Nuys, G.J. 1996. Wood properties of heavily pollution-damaged spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) at the high-altitude zones of the eastern parts of Erzgebirge. Holz Roh-Werkst. 54:215–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernal-Salazar, S., and Terrazas, T. 2000. Influencia climática sobre la variación radial de los caracteres anatómicos de la madera en Abies religiosa. Madera y Bosques 6:7386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernal-Salazar, S., and Terrazas, T. 2002. Pollution effects on wood anatomical features in Abies religiosa (H.B.K.) Schl. et Cham. Environ. Exper. Bot. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernal-Salazar, S., Terrazas, T., and Alvarado, D. 2002. Wood anatomical characters and annual ring width of Abies religiosa (H.B.K.) Schl. et Cham. trees comparing two forests with contrasting health characteristics. Environ. Pollut. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bravo, H., Roy-Ocotla, G., Sosa, R., and Torres, R. 1990. Weekdays and weekend days variation in ozone and nitrogen oxides concentrations in the atmosphere of Mexico City. In Proceedings of the 83rd Air and Waste Management Annual Meeting and Exhibition, June 24–29. Paper 90–95,6. Pittsburgh, PA: Air and Waste Management Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calva-Vázquez, G. 1999. Monitoreo de la Depositación Acida en Zonas Boscosas de la Cuenca de Mexico, Usando como Superficie de Exposición la Corteza Arbórea de Tres Pináceas. Tesis de Maestría. Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, Mexico: Colegio de Posgraduados.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D.D., and Wood, F.A. 1972. The relative susceptibility of eighteen coniferous species to ozone. Phytopathology 62:14–19.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Bauer, M.L.I., and Hernández-Tejeda, T. 1986. Contaminación: Una Amenaza para la Vegetación en Mexico. Chapingo, State of Mexico, Mexico: Colegio de Postgraduados.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Bauer, L.I., and Krupa, S.V. 1990. The valley of Mexico: a summary of observational studies on its air quality and effects on vegetation. Environ. Pollut. 65:109–115.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Bauer, M.L.I., Hernandez, T., and Manning, W.J. 1985. Ozone causes needle injury and tree decline in Pinus hartwegii at high altitudes in the mountains in Mexico City. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 35:838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Kort, I. 1986. Wood structure and growth ring width of vital and nonvital Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) from a single stand in the Netherlands. IAWA Bull. n.s. 7:309–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Kort, I., Loeffen, V., and Baas, P. 1991. Ring width, density and wood anatomy of douglas fir with different crown vitality. IAWA Bull. n.s. 12:453–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunisch, O.J., Bauch, J., Puls, J., and Muller, M. 1996. Biological and chemical wood properties of long-term polluted spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) at high altitude stands of the Erzgebirge. Holzforschung 50:497–506.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elling, W. 1993. Immissions in the complex of causes involved in damage and dying of silver fir. Allg. Forst–Zeitschr. 48:87–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, L.S., and Leonard, M.R. 1991. Histological determination of ozone injury symptoms of primary needles of giant sequoia (Sequiadendron giganteum Bucch.) New Phytol. 117:557–564.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fincher, J., and Alscher, R.G. 1992. The effect of long-term ozone exposure on injury in seedlings of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg). New Phytol. 120:49–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fink, S. 1991. Unusual patterns in the distribution of calcium oxalate in Spruce needles and their possible relationship to the impact of pollutants. New Phytol. 119:41–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frost, D.L., Taylor, G., and Davies, W.J. 1991. Biophysics of leaf growth of hybrid poplar: impact of ozone. New Phytol. 118:407–415.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Härtel, O., and Grill, D. 1972. Die Leitfahigkeit von Fichten-brorken-Extrakten als empfindlicher indikator lif Luftverun-reinigungen. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 2:205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Tejeda, T. 1981. Reconocimiento y Evaluación del Daño por Gases Oxidantes en Pinos y Avena del Ajusco, D.F. Tesis profesional, Departamento de Fitotecnia. Chapingo, Estado de Mexico, Mexico: Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Tejeda, T., and de Bauer, M.L.I. 1984. Evaluación del Idaño por gases oxidantes en Pinus hartwegii and P. montezumae var lindleyi en El Ajusco, Máxico, D.F. Agrociencia 56:183–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Tejeda, T., and de Bauer, L.I. 1986. Photochemical oxidant damage on Pinus hartwegii at the Desierto de los Leones, D.F. Phytopathology 76:337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Tejeda, T., de Bauer, L.I., and Ortega-Delgado, M.L. 1983. Identificación y determinación de los principales pigmentos fotosintéticos de hojas de Pinus hartwegii afectadas por gases oxidantes. Agrociencia 55:71–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Tejeda, T., Krupa, S.V., Platt, G.C., and de Bauer, L.I. 1981. Sensibilidad de plántulas de eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) al ozono. Agrociencia 43:89–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A.C., Pack, M.R., Treshow, M., Downs, R.J., and Transtrum, L.G. 1961. Plant injury induced by ozone. Phytopathology 51:356–363.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, R.K., and Kremer, D.K. 1973. The chemistry and physiology of pigmentation in leaves injured by air pollution. J. Environ. Qual. 2:434–438.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huhn, G., Horst, S., Hans-Joachim, S., Rainer, T., and Gerrit, S. 1995. Evaluation of regional heavy metal deposition by multivariate analysis of element contents in pine tree barks. Water Air Soil Pollut. 84:367–383.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kainulainen, P., Holopainen, J.K., Hyttinen, H., and Oksanen, J. 1994. Effect of ozone on the biochemistry and aphid infestation of Scots pine. Phytochemistry 35:39–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karenlampi, L. 1986. Relationships between macroscopic symptoms of injury and cell structural changes in needles of ponderosa pine exposed to air pollution in California. Ann. Bot. Fennici 23:255–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawakami, K., and Furukawa, I. 1992. Horizontal variation of the annual-ring width and the tracheid length in the declined pine trees. Res. Bull. Tottori Univ. For. 21:153–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knudson, L.L., Tibbitts, T.W., and Edwards, G.E. 1997. Measurement of ozone injury by determination of leaf chlorophyll concentration. Plant Physiol. 60:606–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kozlowski, T.T., and Constantinidou, H. 1986. Responses of woody plants to environmental pollution. For. Abstr. 47:5–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kucera, L.J. 1989. Biological and technological properties of the wood of damaged Norway spruce. Schweiz.–Z.–Forstwes. 140:203–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kukkola, E., Huttunen, S., Back, J., and Rautio, P. 1997. Scots pine needle injuries at subarctic industrial sites. Trees 11:378–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurczynska, E.U., Bastrup-Birk, A., and Mortensen, L. 1998. Influence of ozone and soil nitrogen content on the stem anatomy of Norway spruce saplings grown in open-top chambers. Environ. Exper. Bot. 40:113–121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Thiec, D., Rose, C., Garrec, J.P., Laffray, D., Louguet, P., Galaup, S., and Loosvaldt, P. 1994. Alteration of element contents in guard cells of Norway spruce (Picea abies) subjected to ozone fumigation and (or) water stress: X-ray microanalysis study. Can. .1. Bot. 72:86–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lippo, H., Poikolainen, J., and Kubin, E. 1995. The use of moss, lichen, and pine bark in the nationwide monitoring of atmospheric heavy metal deposition in Finland. Water Air Soil Pollut. 85:2241–2246.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • López-López, M.G., Velazquez, M.J., Velazquez, M.A., Gonzalez, R.V., and Cetina, V.M. 1998. Estado nutricional de Abies religiosa en un area con problemas de contaminación ambiental. Agrociencia 32:53–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, P., and Liu, P. 1996. Properties of wood from Masson pine stand affected by air pollution and acid rain. II: Wood structure. Sci.–Silvae–Sinica 32:69–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, P.W., Rantanen, L., and Mehlhorn, H. 1993. Needle chlorosis in Stika spruce following a three-year exposure to low concentrations of ozone: changes in mineral content, pigmentation and ascorbic acid. New Phytol. 124:264–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maier-Maercker, U., and Koch, W. 1992. Histological examination of spruce needles from a long-term gas exchange experiment in pure and polluted air in the field. Trees 6:186–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mauseth, J.D. 1988. Plant Anatomy. Menlo Park, Califormia U.S.A.: Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, P.R., de Bauer, M.L., Quevedo-Nolasco, A., and Hernández-Tejeda, T. 1994. Comparison of ozone exposure characteristics in forested regions near Mexico City and Los Angeles. Atmos. Environ. 28:141–148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M.D., and Denne, M.P. 1997. Variation in density of Picea sitchensis in relation to within-tree trends in tracheid diameter and wall thickness. Forestry (Oxford) 70:47–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miyake, H., Matsumara, H., Fujinuma, Y., and Totsuka, T. 1989. Effects of low concentrations of ozone on the fine structure of radish leaves. New Phytol. 111:187–195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nieweglowska, G.B. 1995. Cytological and anatomical changes in pine tree xylem caused by sulfur compounds. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 64:233–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ojanpera, K., Sutinen, S., Pleijel, H., and Selldén, G. 1992. Exposure of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Cv. Drabant, to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers. Effect on the ultrastructure of flag leaf cells. New Phytol. 120:39–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, C.D., and Larson, B.C. 1990. Forest Stand Dynamics. New York: MacGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pell, E.J., and Weissberger, W.C. 1976. Histopathological characterization of ozone injury to soybean foliage. Phytopathology 66:856–861.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reich, P.B., and Lassoie, J.P. 1985. Influence of low concentrations of ozone on growth, biomass partitioning and leaf senescence in young hybrid poplar plants. Environ. Pollut. 39:39–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rivera-Amaro, J. 1998. Nutrición y Síntomas de Declinacion de Abies religiosa (H.B.K) Schl. et Chamn. en el Desierto de los Leones, D.F. Tesis de Licenciatura. Chapingo, Estado de Mexico, Mexico: Division de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saavedra-Romero, L.L. 1996. Análisis Espacio-Temporal de la Depositación Acida, Utilizando comno Biomonitor de Exposición la Corteza Arbórea de Especies Perennes del Parque Nacional Desierto de los Leones. Tesis de Licenciatura en Biología. Máxico, D.F.: Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza (FES–Z), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Reyna, M.G. 1996. Estudio de la Depositación Acida en la Ciudad de Mexico, Mediante Bioindicadores (Corteza Arbórea). Tesis de Licenciatura en Biología. Máxico, D.F.: Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza (FES–Z), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM).

    Google Scholar 

  • Santamaria, J.M., and Martin, A. 1997. Tree bark as a bioindicator of air pollution in Navarra, Spain. Water Air Soil Pollut. 98:381–387.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiffgens-Gruber, A., and Lutz, C. 1992. Ultrastructure of mesophyll cell chloroplasts of spruce needles exposed to ozone, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide alone and in combination. Environ. Exp. Bot. 32:243–254.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schweingruber, F.H., and Voronin, V. 1996. A study of the dendrochronology and soil chemistry of the forest damage area at Norilsk, Siberia, and consequences for the interpretation of large scale crown assessment inventories. Allg. Forst u. Jagdzeit. 167:53–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shortle, W.C., Smith, K.T., Minocha, R., Alexeyev, V.A., and Stott, P. 1995. Similar patterns of change in stem wood calcium concentration in red spruce and Siberian fir. J. Biogeogr. 22:467–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skelly, J.M., Savage, J.E., de Bauer, M.L., and Alvarado, D. 1997. Observations of ozoneinduced foliar injury on black cherry (Prunus serotina var. capuli) within the Desierto de los Leones National Park. Mexico City. Environ. Pollut. 95:155–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soto-Tellez, J.A. 1996. Estimación de la Depositación Acida en Tres Parques Urbanos del Distrito Federal. Tesis de Licenciatura en Biología. Máxico, D.F.: Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza (FES–Z), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutinen, S., Wallin, G., Karlsson, P.E., Skarby, L., Sellden, G., and Paoletti, E. 1998. Cell ultrastructure of needles from saplings of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst., exposed to ozone and low phosphorus supply in open-top chambers. Chemosphere 36:691–696.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, W.W. 1975. Effects of air pollutants on plant ultrastructure. In Response of Plants to Air Pollution, eds. J.B. Mudd, and T.T. Kozlowski, pp. 179–194. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, W.W., Dugger, W.M., and Palmer, R.L. 1996. Effects of ozone on the fine structure of the palisade parenchyma cell of bean leaves. Can. J. Bot. 44:1677–1682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tingey, D.T., Wilhour, R.G., and Tandley, C. 1976. The effect of chronic ozone exposures on the metabolite content of ponderosa pine seedlings. For. Sci. 22:234–241.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torelli, N., Cufar, K., and Robic, D. 1989. Mucilage cells in bark and traumatic resin canals in wood as possible symptoms of silver fir dieback. Gozdarski-Vestn. 47:163–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torelli, N., Shortle, W.C., Cufar, K., Ferlin, F., and Smith, K.T. 1999. Detecting changes in tree health and productivity of silver fir in Slovenia. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 29:189–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treshow, M. 1984. Diagnosis of air pollution effects and mimicking symptoms. In Air Pollution and Plant Life, ed. M. Treshow, pp. 97–115. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trockenbrodt, M. 1990. Survey and discussion of the terminology used in bark anatomy. IAWA Bulletin n.s. 11:141–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Utriainen, J., Holopainen, T., and Paoletti, E. 1998. Ultrastructural and growth responses of young Scots pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris) to increasing carbon dioxide and ozone concentrations. Chemosphere 36:795–800.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vazquez, S.J. 1987. El Saneamiento y la Limpia Forestales en el Desierto de Los Leones. Máxico, D.F.: Comisión Coordinadora de Desarrollo Rural, Departamento del Distrito Federal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vazquez, S.J. 1988. Los Tratamientos Silvícolas del Desierto de Los Leones: Sus Fundamentos. Máxico, D.F.: Comisión Coordinadora de Desarrollo Rural, Departamento del Distrito Federal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagenfuhr, R. 1996. Studies on the wood anatomy of emission-damaged Norway spruce from the higher parts of the eastern Erzgebirge. Holz-Zentralblatt 122:140–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waring, R.H., and Schlesinger, W.H. 1985. Forest Ecosystems: Concepts and Management. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watmough, S.A. 1997. An evaluation of the use of dendrochemical analyses in environmental monitoring. Environ. Rev 5:180–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watmough, S.A., and Hutchinson, T.C. 1999. Change in the dendrochemistry of sacred fir close to Mexico City over the past 100 years. Environ. Pollut. 104:79–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber, J.A., and Grulke, N.E. 1995. Response of stem growth and function to air pollution. In Plant Stems: Physiology and Functional Morphology, ed. B.L. Gartner, pp. 343–363. San Diego California: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber, U.M. 1997. Dendroecological reconstruction and interpretation of larch budmoth (Zeiraphera diniana) outbreaks in two central alpine valleys of Switzerland from 1470–1990. Trees 11:277–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellburn, F., and Wellburn, A.R. 1994. Atmospheric ozone affects carbohydrate allocation and winter hardiness of Pinus halapensis. J. Exp. Bot. 45:607–614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wimmer, R., Grabner, M., Schay, E., and Halbwachs, G. 1996. How useful is xylem anatomy as an indicator for SO2 pollution? IAWA J. 17:266–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yañez-Espinosa, L., and Terrazas, T. 1998. Anatomía de la corteza de algunas gimnospermas. Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 62:15–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann, M.H., and Brown C.L. 1974. Trees, Structure and Function. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zobel, A., and Nighswander, J.E. 1991. Accumulation of phenolic compounds in the necrotic areas of Austrian and red pine needles after spraying with sulphuric acid: a possible bioindicador of air pollution. New Phytol. 117:575–585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Teresa Terrazas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sergio Bernal-Salazar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA

    Mark E. Fenn

  2. Especialidad de Agrometeorología Instituto de Recursos Naturales, Colegio de Postgraduados, CP 56230, Montecillo, Mexico

    L. I. de Bauer

  3. SAGARPA Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Conservación y Mejoramiento de Ecosistemas Forestales (CENID-COMEF), CP 04110, Mexico City, Mexico

    Tomás Hernández-Tejeda

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Terrazas, T., Bernal-Salazar, S. (2002). Histological Symptoms of Air Pollution Injury in Foliage, Bark, and Xylem of Abies religiosa in the Basin of Mexico. In: Fenn, M.E., de Bauer, L.I., Hernández-Tejeda, T. (eds) Urban Air Pollution and Forests. Ecological Studies, vol 156. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22520-3_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22520-3_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-9573-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-22520-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation