Abstract
Blood loss during surgery of the spine varies enormously. Although the experience of surgeons is often considered as a major determining factor, there are other risk factors that may predict excessive blood loss during surgery (Table 30.1). Intuitively, substantial blood loss is expected in a prolonged multilevel procedure that requires extensive decortication of the vertebrae and stripping of paravertebral muscles for surgical exposure and instrumentation. However, bleeding could be significant even in a single-level laminectomy during revision surgery, surgery for tumor excision, traumatic injury or infective diseases.
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Chan, M.T.V., Kan, P.K.Y. (2012). Blood Loss During Spinal Surgery. In: Brambrink, A., Kirsch, J. (eds) Essentials of Neurosurgical Anesthesia & Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09562-2_30
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09562-2_30
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