Abstract
Globalization has become part of our everyday vocabulary. References to the ‘forces of globalization’ are commonplace in business, in politics, in leading newspapers, and in academe, and there is already a large and extensive literature on its consequences and implications. Many accept the apparent centrality of globalization, and a great deal is attributed to it — both good and ill. Indeed, globalization is increasingly characterized, or even asserted, as an irreversible trend: as the Wall Street Journal declared in a special supplement about globalization, ‘this is one buzzword that’s here to stay’.1
The research assistance of Jalal Alamgir and extensive comments and suggestions of Peneople Walker are gratefully acknowledged
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Notes
Editor’s Note, The Wall Street journal, 26 September 1996, p. R2.
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The implications of which are examined in Chapter 3.
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D. Levy and J. Dunning, ‘International Production and Sourcing: Trends and Issues’, STI Review, 13 (December 1993) p. 15 and see Chapter 2 of this volume.
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Not all firms in every sector need to be responding identically, for a significant change to be underway.
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The factors which impel such globalization have been examined in Chapter 2.
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Immediately after the Mexican peso crisis of December 1994, a number of small and medium-sized firms based in the state of Rhode Island had cash flow problems associated with the depreciation of the currency.
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Kobrin, ‘Beyond Symmetry’, p. 8.
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L. Gordenker and T. Weiss, Pluralizing Global Governance: Analytical Approaches and Dimensions’, in their edited book, NGOs, the UN, and Global Governance (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1996) p. 25. They argue that 25% of US assistance is channeled through NGOs and that while he was attending the Social Summit in Copenhagen, US Vice President Al Gore pledged to increase that amount to 50% by the end of the decade.
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While there is a good deal of empirical evidence to suggest that globalization as a conceptual change in major institutional actors has advanced fairly significantly in some areas, the subject merits a great deal of further and more systematic empirical investigation.
R. J. Barnet and J. Cavanagh, Global Dreams: Imperial Corporations and the New World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994) p. 18.
For a wide-ranging discussion see Andrew Hurrell and Ngaire Woods, Inequality, Globalization and World Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).
P. G. Cerny, ‘The Dynamics of Financial Globalization: Technology, Market Structure, and Policy Response’, Policy Sciences, 27, 4 (November 1994) 335.
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J. A. Winters, ‘Power and the Control of Capital’, World Politics, 46, 3 (April 1994 ) 130–1.
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Frances Stewart and Albert Berry, ‘Globalization, Liberalization, and Inequality: Expectations and Experience’, in Hurrell and Woods, Inequality, Globalization and World Politics, pp. 150–86.
P. Hirst and G. Thompson, ‘Globalization and the Future of the Nation State’, Economy and Society, 24, 3 (August 1995) p. 414.
As suggested in the introduction to this chapter, there are strong countervailing resistances to integration and pressures for local autonomy in many parts of the world today.
C. Oman, Globalisation and Regionalisation: The Challenge for Developing Countries (Paris: Development Centre of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1994) p. 33.
Kobrin, ‘Beyond Symmetry’, p. 4.
Wapner, Environmental Activism, p. 164.
This may in part be the product of the historical pattern of decoupling the institutional commitment to further integration from the experience of the stresses of adjustment in Europe. See L. Alan Winters, ‘What Can European Experience Teach Latin America about Integration?’, Paper presented at the Seminar on The Hemispheric and Regional Integration in Perspective, Santafe de Bogota, 1–3 November 1995, organized by the Departamento Nacional de Planeacion, Republica de Columbia, p. 11.
P. Hirst and G. Thompson, Globalization in Question (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996). See also R. Wade, ‘Globalization and Its Limits’.
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© 2000 Thomas Biesteker
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Biersteker, T. (2000). Globalization as a Mode of Thinking in Major Institutional Actors. In: Woods, N. (eds) The Political Economy of Globalization. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-98562-5_6
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