Abstract
We have now looked at the three main levels of linguistics: phonology, syntax, and semantics. Let me remind you what these are. Phonology is concerned with the sound structure of the language, in particular with the way in which sounds can form words. Syntax explores the organisation of these words into units such as phrases and sentences. And semantics examines the ability of words to signal meaning through the relationships they have with each other, and with the world of experience. Taken together, these levels constitute what we have termed the grammar of the language. Each is governed by a set of rules, or principles, and in Chapters 3, 4, and 5 we have examined some of the ways in which linguists attempt to describe these. As Jean Aitchison puts it in Teach Yourself Linguistics (1992, p. 8), they constitute the ‘bread and butter’ of linguistics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Further Reading
Adams, V. (1976) An Introduction to Modern Word-Formation (London: Longman).
Aitchison, J. (1989) The Articulate Mammal (London: Routledge).
Arts, B. (1996) English Syntax and Argumentation (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
Bauer, L. (1988) Introducing Linguistic Morphology (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press).
Brown, G. (1990) Listening to Spoken English (London: Longman).
Carter, R. (1982) Language and Literature (London: Routledge).
Carter, R. and Simpson, P. (eds) (1988) Language, Discourse and Literature (London: Routledge).
Chierchia, G. and McConnell-Ginet, S. (1990) Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press).
Chomsky, N. (1986) Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin and Use (New York: Praeger).
Cook, G. (1992) The Discourse of Advertising (London: Routledge).
Coupland, N. and Jaworski, A. (eds) (1997) Sociolinguistics: A Reader and Coursebook (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
Coulthard, M. (1985) An Introduction to Discourse Analysis (London: Longman).
Crystal, D. (1973) Investigating English Style (London: Longman).
Fasold, R. (1990) The Sociolinguistics of Language (Oxford: Blackwell).
Ferris, C. (1993) The Meaning of Syntax (London: Longman).
Freeborn, D. (1996) Style: Text Analysis and Linguistic Criticism (London: Longman).
Haynes, J. (1993) Introducing Stylistics (London: Routledge).
Haynes, J. (1995) Style (London: Routledge).
Holmes, J. (1992) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (London: Longman).
Horrocks, G. (1987) Generative Grammar (London: Longman).
Jackson, H. (1990) Grammar and Meaning (London: Longman).
Katamba, F. (1993) Morphology (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
Kearns, K. (2000) Semantics (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
Knowles, G. (1987) Patterns of Spoken English (London: Longman).
Matthews, P. H. (1991) Morphology, 2nd edn (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Milroy, J. and Milroy, L. (1993) Real English (London: Longman).
Montgomery, M. (1995) An Introduction to Language and Society (London: Routledge).
Peccei, J. S. (1994) Child Language (London: Routledge, 1994).
Poole, G. (2002) Syntactic Theory (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).
Radford, A. (1988) An Introduction to Transformational Grammar (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Radford, A. (1997) Syntactic Theory and the Structure of English: A Minimalist Approach (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Salkie, R. (1995) Text and Discourse Analysis (London: Routledge).
Short, M. (1996) Exploring the Language of Poems, Plays and Prose (London: Longman).
Stenberg, D. (1993) An Introduction to Psycholinguistics (London: Longman).
Stenstrom, A. (1994) An Introduction to Spoken Interaction (London: Longman).
Trudgill, P. (1983) Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, rev. edn (London: Penguin).
Trudgill, P. (1990) The Dialects of England (Oxford: Blackwell).
Trudgill, P. (1991) Dialects of English (London: Longman).
Trudgill, P. (1994) Dialects (London: Routledge).
Wales, K. (1990) A Dictionary of Stylistics (London: Longman).
Williams, G. (1992) Sociolinguistics (London: Routledge).
Wright, L. and Hope, J. (1995) Stylistics (London: Routledge).
Copyright information
© 2003 Geoffrey Finch
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Finch, G. (2003). Studying Linguistics Further. In: How to Study Linguistics. Palgrave Study Guides:Literature. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80213-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-80213-1_6
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4039-0106-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-80213-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social & Cultural Studies CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)