Abstract
Literary ambition was a common prerogative of Civil Servants when Lockyer joined the War Office. It was commonly said at the time that all the leading writers of the period were recruited either from the Bar or from the Civil Service. When War Office reform was under consideration in 1865 the main object of the inquiry was said to be, ‘to improve the efficiency of the Establishment and getting the clerks to understand that they are paid for work and not for literary distinetion’.1 There was an especial reason for increased literary activity in the sixties — the removal of certain restrictions during the 1850s, such as the abolition of newspaper duty, led to a sudden burgeoning of periodical literature and a consequent demand for competent writers. It is therefore not surprising that Lockyer should have tried his hand in this direction very soon after settling at Wimbledon. His literary interests were, however, certainly reinforced by his friendship with Tom Hughes.
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Additional details on Alexander Macmillan and the Macmillan company can be found in: C. L. Graves, Life and Letters of Alexander Macmillan (Macmillan, 1910);
C. Morgan, The House of Macmillan: 1843–1943 (Macmillan, 1943). The history of the Reader is treated by
J. F. Bryne, The ‘Reader’: a Review of Literature, Science and the Arts, 1863–1867 (Northwestern University, U.S.A., unpublished Ph.D. thesis, 1964); and the events leading up to the foundation of Nature, together with the general publishing background of this venture, by R. M. McLeod, Nature Vol. 224, pp. 423–40 (1969). For T. H. Huxley, see:
L. Huxley, Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley (Macmillan, 2 vols., 1900). Some of Lockyer’s contemporaries who were involved in his early publishing activities are described in the following biographies or autobiographies: F
Galton, Memories of my Life (Methuen, 1909); A. Geikie, A Long Life’s Work (Macmillan, 1924);
L. Huxley, Life and Letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (Murray, 2 vols., 1918);
H. Spencer, An Autobiography (Williams and Norgate, 1904);
C. G. Knott, Life and Scientific Work of P. G. Tait (Cambridge University Press, 1911).
References
M. Wright, Treasury Control of the Civil Service: 1854–1874, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1969), p. 208.
Lockyer to T. H. Huxley, 14 February 18-[?] [IC-H].
T. Hughes to T. H. Huxley, 22 November 1864 [IC-H].
T. H. Huxley to Lockyer, 25 November 1864 [IC-H].
T. Hood to Lockyer [undated].
F. C. Penrose to Lockyer, 23 November 1864.
L. Huxley, Life and Letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, Murray (1918) Vol. 1, p. 541.
F. Galton, Memories of my Life, Methuen (1909), p. 168.
T. H. Huxley to Lockyer, 22 August 1865 [IC-H].
Statement handed to Sir John Pakington by Lockyer in May 1868.
Lord Farrer to Lockyer, 12 December 1868.
G. B. Airy to Lockyer, 15 June 1868.
Charles Morgan, The House of Macmillan (1943), p. 71.
Charles Morgan, op cit., p. 69.
A. Geikie to Lockyer [undated].
J. N. Lockyer to T. H. Huxley, 14 February 18-[?] [IC-H].
J. D. Hooker to A. Macmillan, 27 July 1869. (The appearance of this letter amongst Lockyer’s correspondence indicates that Macmillan passed it on to him.)
M. Foster to Lockyer, 4 August 1869.
T H. Huxley to Lockyer, 16 July [1869] [IC-H].
This point is made by R. M. McLeod: Nature, 224, 439 (1969).
T M. and W. L. Lockyer (Eds.), Life and Work of Sir Norman Lockyer, Macmillan (1928), p. 48.
J. J. Sylvester to Lockyer, 15 October 1869.
C. L. Graves, Life and Letters of Alexander Macmillan, Macmillan (1910), pp. 302–3.
J. D. Hooker to A. Macmillan, 27 July 1869.
M. Foster to Lockyer, 4 August 1869.
T M. and W. L. Lockyer, op. cit., pp. 46–7.
C. Kingsley to Lockyer, 8 November 1869.
C. Kingsley to Lockyer, 8 November 1872.
A. Macmillan to Lockyer, 10 November 1871.
Lockyer, Nature, 2, 1 (1870).
R. M. McLeod, op. cit., p. 443.
T. H. Huxley to Lockyer, 23 May 1873 [IOH].
J. Brett to Lockyer, 20 May 1878.
F. Galton to Lockyer, 5 April 1878.
E. L. Youmans to Lockyer, 16 July 1872.
T. H. Huxley to Lockyer, 28 December 1872 [IC-H].
J. D. Hooker to T. H. Huxley, 19 November 1872 [IC-H].
J. D. Hooker to T. H. Huxley, 11 November 1872 [IC-H].
J. D. Hooker to T. H. Huxley, 13 November 1872 [IC-H].
J. D. Hooker to T. H. Huxley, 16 November 1872 [IC-H].
T. H. Huxley to Lockyer, 24 November 1872 [IC-H].
B. A. Gould to Lockyer, 8 December 1871.
R. H. Scott to Lockyer, 10 March 1874.
A. Geikie to Lockyer, 19 March 1877.
D. M. Home to Lockyer, 7 February 1879.
R G. Tait to Lockyer, 12 July 1875.
N. Pole to Lockyer, 1 May 1876.
H. L. F. von Helmholtz to Lockyer, 7 June 1874.49. Nature, 8, 399 (1873).
Ibid.
P.G. Tait to Lockyer, 26 September 1873.
T. H. Huxley to Lockyer, 8 October 1870 [IC-H].
H. C. Bastian to Lockyer, 18 January 1876.
H. Spencer to Lockyer, 19 May 1874.
Quoted by H. Dingle, Nature, 224, 829–30 (1969).
C. W. Siemens to Lockyer, 24 February 1879.
T.A. Edison to Lockyer, 1 November 1878.
W. Jack to Lockyer, 24 July 1876.
W. Jack to Lockyer, 29 August 1877. (Quoted in: R. M. McLeod, op. cit., p. 454.)
A. Macmillan to Lockyer, 21 March 1877.
J. Chenery to Lockyer, 10 October 1878.
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© 2008 A. J. Meadows
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Meadows, A.J. (2008). The Man of Letters. In: Science and Controversy. Macmillan Science. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-59393-0_2
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