Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Imaging of Malignant Focal Liver Lesions

  • Chapter
MRI of the Liver

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Agarwal VR, Takayama K, Van Wyk JJ, et al. Molecular basis of severe gynecomastia associated with aromatase expression in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:1797–1800

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Andreu V, Elizalde I, Mallafre C, et al. Plexiform neurofibromatosis and angiosarcoma of the liver in von Recklinghausen Disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:1229–1230

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Baker ME, Paulson EK. Hepatic metastatic disease. In: Meyers MA (ed): Neoplasms of the Digestive Tract: Imaging, Staging and Management. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1998:361–395

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bartolozzi C, Cioni D, Donati F, et al. Focal liver lesions: MR imaging-pathologic correlation. Eur Radiol 2001;11:1374–1388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Basilico R, Blomley MJ, Harvey CJ, et al. Which continuous US scanning mode is optimal for the detection of vascularity in liver lesions when enhanced with a second generation contrast agent? Eur J Radiol 2002;41:184–191

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Berman MM, Libbey NP, Foster JH. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Polygonal cell type with fibrous stroma — an atypical variant with a favorable prognosis. Cancer 1980;46:1448–1455

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Biemer JJ. Hepatic manifestation of lymphomas. Ann Clin Lab Sci1984;14:252–260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bluemke DA, Soyer P, Fishman E. Helical (spiral) CT of the liver. Radiol Clin North Am 1995;33:863–886

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Brady J, Liberatore F, Harper P, et al. Angiosarcoma of the liver: an epidemiology survey. J Natl Cancer Inst 1977;59:1383–1385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Brandt DJ, Johnson CD, Stephens DH, et al. Imaging of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988;151:295–299

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Buetow PC, Buck JL, Ros PR, et al. Malignant vascular tumors of the liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 1994;14:153–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Caudana R, Morana G, Pirovano GP, et al. Focal Malignant hepatic lesions: MR imaging enhanced with gadolinium benzyloxypropionictetra-acetate (BOPTA)-preliminary results of phase II clinical application. Radiology 1996;199:513–520

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen IY, Katz DS, Jeffrey RB, et al. Do arterial phase helical CT images improve detection or characterization of colorectal liver metastases? J Comput Assist Tomogr 1997;21(3):391–397

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chiao R, Mo L, Hall A, et al. B-mode blood flow imaging. AIUM Annual Convention, San Francisco, California, USA, April 2–5, 2000

    Google Scholar 

  15. Choi BI, Han JK, Hong SH, et al. Dysplastic nodules of the liver: imaging findings. Abdom Imaging 1999;24:250–257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Choi BI, Kim CW, Ham MC, et al. Sonographic characteristics of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastrointestinal Radiol 1989;14:255–261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Choi BI, Takayasu K, Han MC. Small hepatocellular carcinomas and associated nodular lesions of the liver: pathology, pathogenesis and imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993;160:1177–1187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Collier JD, Carpenter M, Burt AD, et al. Expression of mutant p53 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 1994:35:98–100

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Corrigan K, Semelka RC. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdom Imaging 1995;20:122–125

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Craig JR, Peters RL, Edmondson HA, et al. Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: a tumor of adolescents and young adults with distinctive clincopathologic features. Cancer 1980;46:372–379

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Fernandez MP, Redvanly RD. Primary hepatic malignant neoplasms. Radiol Clin North Am 1998;36:333–348

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Enwonwu CO. The role of dietary aflatoxin in the genesis of hepatocellular cancer in developing countries. Lancet 1984;2:956–958

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW. Soft-tissue Tumors. Mosby Year-Book, St. Louis, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  24. Freeny PC, Baron RL, Teefey SA. Hepatocellular carcinoma: reduced frequency of typical findings with dynamic contrast-enhanced CT in a non-Asian population. Radiology 1992;182:143–148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Friedman AC, Lichtenstein JE, Goodman Z, et al. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiology 1985;157:583–587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fukayama M, Nihei Z, Takizawa T, et al. Malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver, spreading through the hepatic veins. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 1984;404:275–287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Furui S, Itai Y, Ohtomo K, et al. Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: report of five cases. Radiology 1989;171:63–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gabata T, Matsui O, Kadoya M, et al. Delayed MR imaging of the liver: correlation of delayed enhancement of hepatic tumors and pathologic appearance. Abdom Imaging 1998;23:309–313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gates LK Jr, Cameron AJ, Nagorney DM, et al. Primary leiomyosarcoma of the liver mimicking liver abscess. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:649–652

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Goodman ZD. Nonparenchymal and metastatic malignant tumors of the liver. In: Haubrich WS, Schaffner F, Berk JE (eds): Bockus Gastroenterology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1995;2488–2500

    Google Scholar 

  31. Grazioli L, Morana G, Caudana R, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation between gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI and pathologic findings. Invest Radiol 2000;35:25–34

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Grazioli L, Olivetti L, Fugazzola C, et al. The pseudocapsule in hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation between dynamic MR imaging and pathology. Eur Radiol 1999;9:62–67

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hagspiel KD, Neidl KF, Eichenberger AC, et al. Detection of liver metastases: comparison of superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced and unenhanced MR imaging at 1.5 T with dynamic CT, intraoperative US and percutanous US. Radiology 1995;196:471–478

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Hammerstingl R, Vogl TJ Schwarz W,. Contrast-enhanced MRI of focal liver lesions: differentiation and detection of primary and secondary liver lesions using Resovist-enhanced versus gadoliniumenhanced MRI in the same patient. Acad Radiol 1998;5(Suppl 1):75–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Hardell L, Bengtsson NO, Jonsson U, et al. Aetiological aspects of primary liver cancer with special regard to alcohol, organic solvents and acute intermittent porphyria-an epidemiological investigation. Br J Cancer 1984;50:389–397

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Harris KM, Schwartz ML, Slasky BS, et al. Posttransplantation cyclosporine-induced lymphoproliferative disorders: clinical and radiologic manifestations. Radiology 1987;162;697–700

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hayashi M, Matsui O, Ueda K, et al. Correlation between the blood supply and grade of malignancy of hepatocellular nodules associated with liver cirrhosis: evaluation by CT during intraarterial injection of contrast medium. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999;172:969–976

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hollett MD, Jeffrey RB Jr, Nino-Murcia M, et al. Dual-phase helical CT of the liver: value of arterial phase scans in the detection of small (< or = 1.5 cm) malignant hepatic neoplasms. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;164:879–884

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ichikawa T, Federle MP, Grazioli L, et al. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: imaging and pathologic findings in 31 recent cases. Radiology 1999;213:352–361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Imai Y, Murakami T, Yoshida S, et al. Superpara-magnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance images of hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with histological grading. Hepatology 2000;32:205–212

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ishak KG, Sesterhenn IA, Goodman ZD, et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: a clinicopathologic and follow-up study of 32 cases. Hum Pathol 1984;15:839–852

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ishak KG. Malignant mesenchymal tumors of the liver. In: Okuda K, Ishak KG (eds): Neoplasms of the liver. Springer Verlag, New York, 1988,121–156

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ishak KG. Mesenchymal tumors of the liver. In Okuda K, Peter RL (eds): Hepatocellular Carcinoma. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976,228–587

    Google Scholar 

  44. Ishak KG. Pathogenesis of liver iseases. In: Farber E, Philips MJ, Kaufman N (eds): International Academy of Pathology Monograph, No. 28, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1987,314–315

    Google Scholar 

  45. Itai Y, Matsui O. Blood flow and liver imaging. Radiology 1997;202:306–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ito Y, Kojiro M, Nakshima T, et al. Pathomorphologic characteristics of 102 cases of thorotrast-related hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatic angiosarcoma. Cancer 1988;62:1153–1162

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Jaffe ES. Malignant lymphomas: pathology of hepatic involvement. Semin Liver Dis 1987;7:257–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Jang HJ, Lim HK, Lee WJ, et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of focal hepatic lesions: comparison of pulse inversion harmonic, tissue harmonic, and conventional imaging techniques. J Ultrasound Med 2000;19:293–299

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kew MC. Hepatic tumors and cysts. In: Feldman M, Scharschmidt BF, Sleisenger MH (eds): Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease (6th ed). WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1998,1364–1387

    Google Scholar 

  50. Kim AY, Choi BI, Kim TK, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: power Doppler US with a contrast agent — preliminary results. Radiology 1998;209:135–140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kim T, Murakami T, Takahashi S, et al. Optimal phases of dynamic CT for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of unenhanced and triplephase images. Abdom Imaging 1999;24:473–480

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kojiro M, Nakashima T. Pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Okuda K, Ishak KG (eds): Neoplasms of the Liver. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987,81–104

    Google Scholar 

  53. Kojiro M. Hepatocellular nodular lesions. In: Kojiro M (ed): Pathology of Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Related Lesions. Medical Publishers, Tokyo, 1996;148–165

    Google Scholar 

  54. Krinsky GA, Lee VS, Theise ND, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodules in patients with cirrhosis: prospective diagnosis with MR imaging and explanation correlation. Radiology 2001;219:445–454

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kuszyk BS, Bluemke DA, Urban BA, et al. Portalphase contrast-enhanced helical CT for the detection of malignant hepatic tumors: sensitivity based on comparison with intraoperative and pathologic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996;166:91–95

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. LaBrecque DR. Neoplasia of the liver: focal nodular hyperplasia. In: Kaplowitz N (ed): Liver and Biliary Diseases (2nd ed): Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1996, 391–438

    Google Scholar 

  57. Lai C, Gregory PB, Wu P, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese males and females: Possible causes for male predominance. Cancer 1987;60:1107–1110

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Lauffer JM, Zimmermann A, Krahenbuhl L, et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver. Cancer 1996:78(11):2318–2327

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Lencioni R, Pinto F, Armillotta N, et al. Assessment of tumor vascularity in hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of power Doppler US and color Doppler US. Radiology 1996;201:353–358

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lewis KH, Chezmar JL. Hepatic metastases. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 1997;5:319–330

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lim JH, Cho JM, Kim EY, et al. Dysplastic nodules in liver cirrhosis: evaluation of hemodynamics with CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography. Radiology 2000;214:869–874

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Lim JH, Choi D, Cho SK, et al. Conspicuity if hepatocellular nodular lesions in cirrhotic livers at ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging: importance of Kupffer cell number. Radiology 2001;220:669–676

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Locker GY, Doroshow JH, Zwelling LA, et al. The clinical features of hepatic angiosarcoma: a report of four cases and a review of the English literature. Medicine, (Baltimore) 1979;58:48–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Manfredi R, Maresca G, Baron RL, et al. Delayed MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma enhanced by gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA). J Magn Reson Imaging 1999;9:704–710

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Marti-Bonmati L, Ferrer D, Menor F, et al. Hepatic mesenchymal sarcoma: MRI findings. Abdom Imaging 1993;18:176–179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. McLarney JK, Rucker PT, Bender GN et al. Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 1999;19:453–471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Miller WJ, Dodd GD 3rd, Federle MP, et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: imaging findings with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992;159:53–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Murakami T, Baron RL, Peterson MS, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: MR imaging with mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP). Radiology 1996;200:69–77

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Murakami T, Kim T, Takamura M, et al. Hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatoma. J Magn Reson Imaging 1998;8:346–358

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Murakami T, Kim T, Takamura M, et al. Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: detection with double arterial phase multi-detector row helical CT. Radiology 2001;218:763–767

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Nakashima T, Kojiro M. Hepatocellular carcinoma: An Atlas of its Pathology. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  72. Nerlich AG, Majewski S, Hunzelmann N, et al. Excessive collagen formation in fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: a morphological and biochemical study. Mod Pathol 1992;5:580–585

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Noguchi S, Yamamoto R, Tatsuta M, et al. Cell features and patterns in fine-needle aspirates of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1986;58:321–328

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Nzeako UC, Goodman ZD, Ishak KG. Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic livers: a clinico-histopathologic study of 804 North American patients. Am J Clin Pathol 1996;105:65–75

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Ohsawa M, Aozasa K, Horiuchi K, et al. Malignant lymphoma of the liver. Report of five cases and review of the literature. Dig Dis Sci 1992;37:1105–1109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Oliver JH 3rd, Baron RL, Federle MP, et al. Detecting hepatocellular carcinoma: value of unenhanced or arterial phase CT imaging or both used in conjunction with conventional portal venous phase contrastenhanced CT imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996;167:71–77

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Orsatti G, Hytiroglou P, Thung SN, et al. Lamellar fibrosis in the fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma: a role for transforming growth factor beta. Liver 1997;17:152–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Parker SL, Tong T, Bolden S, et al. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 1997;47:5–27

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Paulson EK. Evaluation of the liver for metastatic disease. Semin Liver Dis 2001;21(2):225–236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Peterson MS, Baron RL, Marsh JW, et al. Pretransplantation surveillance for possible hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: epidemiology and CT-based tumor detection rate in 430 cases with surgical pathologic correlation. Radiology; 2000;217:743–749

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Peterson MS, Baron RL, Rankin SC, et al. Hepatic angiosarcoma: findings on multiphasic contrast-enhanced helical CT do not mimic hepatic hemangioma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:165–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Peterson MS, Murakami T, Baron RL. MR imaging patterns of gadolinium retention within liver neoplasms. Abdom Imaging 1998;23:592–599

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Pinson CW, Lopez RR, Ivancev K, et al. Resection of primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. South Med 1994;87:384–391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Rizzi EB, Schinina V, Cristofaro M, et al. Nonhodgkin’s lymphoma of the liver in patients with AIDS: sonographic, CT and MRI findings. J Clin Ultrasound 2001;29:125–129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Rofsky NM, Earls JP. Mangafodipir trisodium injection (Mn-DPDP). A contrast agent for abdominal MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 1996;4:73–85

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Ros PR, Murphy BJ, Buck JL, et al. Encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma: radiologic findings and pathologic correlation. Gastrointest Radiol 1990;15:233–237

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Ros PR, Taylor HM. Malignant Tumors of the liver. Textbook of gastrointestinal radiology, Vol II, second edition. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2000,1523–1568

    Google Scholar 

  88. Ros PR. Malignant liver tumors. In: Gore RM, Levine MS, Laufer I (eds): Gastrointestinal radiology. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1994,1897–1946

    Google Scholar 

  89. Runge VM, Lee C, Williams NM. Detectability of small liver metastases with gadolinium BOPTA. Invest Radiol 1997;32:557–565

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S, Shimosato Y. Early stages of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis: adenomatous hyperplasia and early hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Pathol 1991;22:172–178

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Senéterre E, Taourel P, Bouvier Y, et al. Detection of hepatic metastases: ferumoxides-enhanced MR Imaging versus unenhanced MR Imaging and CT during arterial portography. Radiology 1996; 200:785–792

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Sherlock S, Dooley J. Diseases of the liver and Biliary System (9th ed). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1993, 44–61

    Google Scholar 

  93. Shirkhoda A, Ros PR, Farah J, et al. Lymphoma of the solid abdominal viscera. Radiol Clin North Am 1990;28:785–799

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Siskin GP, Haller JO, Miller S, et al. AIDS-related lymphoma: radiologic features in pediatric patients. Radiology 1995;196:63–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Smalley SR, Moertel CG, Hilton JF, et al. Hepatoma in the noncirrhotic liver. Cancer 1988;62:1414–1424

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Soyer P, Roche A, Levesque M, et al. CT of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. J Computed Assist Tomogr 1991;15:533–538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Stevens WR, Johnson CD, Stephens DH, et al. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: stage at presentation and results of aggressive surgical management. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995; 164:1153–1158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Sussman EB, Nydick I, Gray GF. Hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver and hemochromatosis. Arch Pathol 1974;97:39–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Tamburro CH. Relationship of vinyl monomers and liver cancers: angiosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 1984;4:158–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Van Beers B, Roche A, Mathieu D, et al. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: MR and CT findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992;16:420–424

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Wang C, Ahlstrom H, Ekholm S, et al. Diagnostic efficacy of MnDPDP in MR imaging of the liver. A phase III multicentre study. Acta Radiol 1997;38:643–649

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Weiss SW, Enzinger FM. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a vascular tumor often mistaken for a carcinoma. Cancer 1982;50:970–981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Wernecke K, Peters PE, Kruger KG. Ultrasonographic patterns of focal hepatic and splenic lesions in Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Br J Radiol 1987;60:655–660

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Winston CB, Schwartz LH, Fong Y, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: MR imaging findings in cirrhotic livers and noncirrhotic livers. Radiology 1999;210:75–79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Worawattanakul S, Semelka RC, Kelekis NL, et al. Angiosarcoma of the liver: MR imaging pre-and post chemotherapy. Magn Reson Imaging 1997;15:613–617

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Yamashita Y, Fan ZM, Yamamoto H, et al. Spinecho and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced FLASH MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with histopathologic findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994;4:83–90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Yu JS, Kim KW, Kim EK, et al. Contrast enhancement of small hepatocellular carcinoma: usefulness of three successive early image acquisitions during multiphase dynamic MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999;173:597–604

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Saarland, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany

    Günther Schneider M.D.

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25023, Brescia, Italy

    Luigi Grazioli M.D.

  3. Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Sanjay Saini M.D.

Authors
  1. Günther Schneider M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Luigi Grazioli M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sanjay Saini M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Saarland, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany

    Günther Schneider M.D.

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25023, Brescia, Italy

    Luigi Grazioli M.D.

  3. Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Sanjay Saini M.D.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Italia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schneider, G., Grazioli, L., Saini, S. (2006). Imaging of Malignant Focal Liver Lesions. In: Schneider, G., Grazioli, L., Saini, S. (eds) MRI of the Liver. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0469-1_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0469-1_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Milano

  • Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0335-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0469-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation