Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Trauma Division. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) investigators (1991) Clinical alert: benefit of carotid endarterectomy for patients with high-grade stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Stroke. 22(6):816–87
Klufas RA et al (1995) Dissection of the carotid and vertebral arteries: imaging with MR angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 164(3):673–67
Endres D, Simonson T, Funk G et al (1995) The role of magnetic resonance angiography in head and neck surgery. Laryngoscope 105(10):1069–1076
Pisaneschi MJ, Samii M (1995) Applications of MR angiography in head and neck pathology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 28(3):543–561
Jacobs A et al (1997) MRI-and MRA-guided therapy of carotid and vertebral artery dissections. J Neurol Sci 147(1):27–34
Keller PJ et al (1989) MR angiography with two-dimensional acquisition and three-dimensional display. Work in progress. Radiology 173(2):527–532
Patel SG et al (2002) Outcome, observer reliability, and patient preferences if CTA, MRA, or Doppler ultrasound were used, individually or together, instead of digital subtraction angiography before carotid endarterectomy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 73(1):21–28
Riles TS et al (1992) Comparison of magnetic resonance angiography, conventional angiography, and duplex scanning. Stroke 23(3):341–346
De Marco JK et al (1994) Prospective evaluation of extracranial carotid stenosis: MR angiography with maximum-intensity projections and multiplanar reformation compared with conventional angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 163(5):1205–1212
Binaghi S et al (2001) Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography of carotid bifurcation stenosis. Eur Neurol 46(1):25–34
Morasch MD et al (2002) Cross-sectional magnetic resonance angiography is accurate in predicting degree of carotid stenosis. Ann Vasc Surg 16(3):266–272
Sundgren PC et al (2002) Carotid artery stenosis: contrast-enhanced MR angiography with two different scan times compared with digital subtraction angiography. Neuroradiology 44(7):592–599
Wutke R et al (2002) High-resolution, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography with elliptical centric k-space ordering of supra-aortic arteries compared with selective X-ray angiography. Stroke 33(6):1522–1529
Wilman AH, Riederer SJ (1997) Performance of an elliptical centric view order for signal enhancement and motion artifact suppression in breath-hold three-dimensional gradient echo imaging. Magn Reson Med 38(5):793–802
Korosec FR et al (1996) Time-resolved contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography. Magn Reson Med 36(3):345–351
Kopka L et al (1998) Differences in injection rates on contrast-enhanced breath-hold three-dimensional MR angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 170(2):345–348
Kim JK, Farb RI, Wright GA (1998) Test bolus examination in the carotid artery at dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology 206(1):283–289
Foo TK et al (1997) Automated detection of bolus arrival and initiation of data acquisition in fast, three-dimensional, gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology 203(1):275–280
Fellner FA et al (2000) Fluoroscopically triggered contrast-enhanced 3D MR DSA and 3D time-of-flight turbo MRA of the carotid arteries: first clinical experiences in correlation with ultrasound, x-ray angiography, and endarterectomy findings. Magn Reson Imaging 18(5):575–585
Heiserman JE et al (1994) Neurologic complications of cerebral angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 15(8):1401–7 discussion 1408–1411
Mani RL et al (1978) Complications of catheter cerebral arteriography: analysis of 5,000 procedures. I. Criteria and incidence. AJR Am J Roentgenol 131(5):861–865
Kuntz KM et al (1995) Carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic patients-is contrast angiography necessary? A morbidity analysis. J Vasc Surg 22(6):706–14 discussion 714–716
El-Saden SM et al (2001) Imaging of the internal carotid artery: the dilemma of total versus near total occlusion. Radiology 221(2):301–308
Nederkoorn PJ et al (2002) Time-of-flight MR angiography of carotid artery stenosis: does a flow void represent severe stenosis? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23(10):1779–1784
Patel MR et al (1995) Preoperative assessment of the carotid bifurcation. Can magnetic resonance angiography and duplex ultrasonography replace contrast arteriography? Stroke 26(10):1753–1758
Nederkoorn PJ, van der Graaf Y, Hunink MG (2003) Duplex ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography compared with digital subtraction angiography in carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review. Stroke 34(5):1324–1332
Scarabino T et al (1998) MR angiography in carotid stenosis: a comparison of three techniques. Eur J Radiol 28(2):117–125
Townsend TC et al (2003) Contrast material-enhanced MRA overestimates severity of carotid stenosis, compared with 3D time-of-flight MRA. J Vasc Surg 38(1):36–40
Nederkoorn PJ et al (2003) Carotid artery stenosis: accuracy of contrast-enhanced MR angiography for diagnosis. Radiology 228(3):677–682
Scarabino T et al (1999) Contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE MRA) in the study of the carotid stenosis: comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). J Neuroradiol 26(2):87–91
Remonda L et al (2002) Contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography of the carotid artery: comparison with conventional digital subtraction angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23(2):213–219
Lenhart M et al (2002) Time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the carotid arteries: diagnostic accuracy and inter-observer variability compared with selective catheter angiography. Invest Radiol 37(10):535–541
Huston J et al (2001) Carotid artery: elliptic centric contrast-enhanced MR angiography compared with conventional angiography. Radiology 218(1):138–143
Sardanelli F et al (1999) MR angiography of internal carotid arteries: breath-hold Gd-enhanced 3D fast imaging with steady-state precession versus unenhanced 2D and 3D time-of-flight techniques. J Comput Assist Tomogr 23(2):208–215
Nederkoorn PJ et al (2002) Overestimation of carotid artery stenosis with magnetic resonance angiography compared with digital subtraction angiography. J Vasc Surg 36(4):806–813
Anderson CM et al (1992) Assessment of carotid artery stenosis by MR angiography: comparison with x-ray angiography and color-coded Doppler ultrasound. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 13(3):989–1003 discussion 1005–1008
Turnipseed WD et al (1993) Combined use of duplex imaging and magnetic resonance angiography for evaluation of patients with symptomatic ipsilateral high-grade carotid stenosis. J Vasc Surg 17(5):832–9 discussion 839–840
Willig DS et al (1998) Contrast-enhanced 3D MR DSA of the carotid artery bifurcation: preliminary study of comparison with unenhanced 2D and 3D time-of-flight MR angiography. Radiology 208(2): 447–451
Yuan C et al (2002) Identification of fibrous cap rupture with magnetic resonance imaging is highly associated with recent transient ischemic attack or stroke. Circulation 105(2):181–185
Yuan C et al (2001) Carotid atherosclerotic plaque: noninvasive MR characterization and identification of vulnerable lesions. Radiology 221(2):285–299
Lusby RJ et al (1982) Carotid plaque hemorrhage. Its role in production of cerebral ischemia. Arch Surg 117(11):1479–1488
Leclerc X et al (1999) Preliminary experience using contrast-enhanced MR angiography to assess vertebral artery structure for the follow-up of suspected dissection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20(8):1482–1490
Auer A et al (1998) Magnetic resonance angiographic and clinical features of extracranial vertebral artery dissection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64(4):474–481
Vila N et al (2003) Levels of alpha1-antitrypsin in plasma and risk of spontaneous cervical artery dissections: a case-control study. Stroke 34(9):E168–169
Dziewas R et al (2003) Cervical artery dissection-clinical features, risk factors, therapy and outcome in 126 patients. J Neurol 250(10):1179–1184
Mascalchi M et al (1997) MRI and MR angiography of vertebral artery dissection. Neuroradiology 39(5):329–340
Ozdoba C, Sturzenegger M, Schroth G (1996) Internal carotid artery dissection: MR imaging features and clinical-radiologic correlation. Radiology 199(1):191–198
Levy C et al (1994) Carotid and vertebral artery dissections: three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography and MR imaging versus conventional angiography. Radiology 190(1):97–103
Stringaris K et al (1996) Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography and MR imaging versus conventional angiography in carotid artery dissections. Int Angiol 15(1):20–25
Kirsch E et al (1998) MR angiography in internal carotid artery dissection: improvement of diagnosis by selective demonstration of the intramural haematoma. Neuroradiology 40(11):704–709
Colletti PM, Terk MR, Zee CS (1996) Magnetic resonance angiography in neck masses. Comput Med Imaging Graph 20(5):379–388
Yousem DM et al (1995) Carotid artery invasion by head and neck masses: prediction with MR imaging. Radiology 195(3):715–720
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Italia
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maravilla, K.R., Chu, B. (2005). MR Angiography of Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Arteries. In: Schneider, G., Prince, M.R., Meaney, J.F.M., Ho, V.B. (eds) Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0352-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/88-470-0352-0_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Milano
Print ISBN: 978-88-470-0266-1
Online ISBN: 978-88-470-0352-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)