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Traumatic Brain Injury in the Military: Biomechanics and Finite Element Modelling

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The Mechanobiology and Mechanophysiology of Military-Related Injuries

Part of the book series: Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials ((SMTEB,volume 19))

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury is relatively common in military and law enforcement activities, despite ongoing improvements in head protection gear and in medical aid procedures and evacuation equipment in battlefield and conflict scenarios. In this chapter, we provide the relevant anatomical and physiological background which is relevant for understanding the occurrence and consequences of a traumatic brain injury and its subcategories. Next, we review the biomechanics of traumatic brain injury, and describe biomechanical injury criteria and thresholds. Finally, we introduce the concepts of modelling brain injuries by means of finite element techniques which consider the biomechanical properties of the head and neck tissues. The possible applications of such computational modelling and simulations, particularly for developing and testing military head-protection equipment, are discussed as well.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is a standard system for classifying injuries according to type and severity following vehicle accidents. AIS score is time-independent and is given to each body area and each injury independently. AIS reflects the injury itself, and does not account for its consequences or complications. AIS scores refer to the following injury severities: 0 = non-injured, 1 = minor, 2 = moderate, 3 = serious, 4 = sever, 5 = critical, 6 = untreatable, [55].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Rinat Friedman & Amit Gefen

  2. Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat-Gan, Israel

    Yoram Epstein

  3. The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Yoram Epstein

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  1. Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

    Amit Gefen

  2. Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel

    Yoram Epstein

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Friedman, R., Epstein, Y., Gefen, A. (2016). Traumatic Brain Injury in the Military: Biomechanics and Finite Element Modelling. In: Gefen, A., Epstein, Y. (eds) The Mechanobiology and Mechanophysiology of Military-Related Injuries. Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/8415_2016_189

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