Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Escherichia coli, a Versatile Pathogen

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 416))

Abstract

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC, formerly known as “EAggEC”) cause acute or persistent watery diarrhoea (with or without mucus) in children, predominantly in low-income countries, and are associated with travellers’ diarrhoea in children and adults in middle and high income countries. The diverse nature of EAEC is such that not all strains cause disease. Conversely, certain strains of EAEC possess additional virulence determinants associated with the ability to cause severe diarrhoea and other symptoms, which might be life-threatening in vulnerable patients. The EAEC virulence factors described to date are either encoded on the large virulence plasmid of EAEC (plasmid of aggregative adherence) or on pathogenicity islands on the chromosome. Testing of food and faecal samples involves the detection of EAEC-associated traits in the matrix followed by isolation of the organism and confirmation of the presence of EAEC-associated genes using PCR. The variability of the plasmid structure and virulence gene sequences and the possibility that this mobile genetic element may be lost has necessitated the inclusion of chromosomal markers in the molecular screening assays. There is evidence in the literature of foodborne transmission of EAEC, but currently no evidence of a zoonotic reservoir. Fimbriae-mediated adhesion and biofilm formation are likely to be involved in both clinical manifestations of infection and attachment to foodstuffs. Multidrug resistance appears to be common in EAEC and geographically widespread. Whole-genome sequencing has revealed the mosaic genomic structure of EAEC and provided evidence that horizontal gene transfer and recombination are the driving force for acquisition of novel genome features and potentially novel pathogenic mechanisms. This has significant public health implications in terms of the diversity and pathogenesis of EAEC and its ability to colonise and cause disease in the human host.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akiyama Y, Saito E, Futai H, Ogita K, Sakae H, Fukunaga M, Tsuji H, Chikahira M, Mimura M (2015) Comprehensive study of pathogenic genes distributed in Escherichia coli isolated from cattle. Food Hyg Saf Sci 56:118–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akter S, Islam M, Afreen KS, Azmuda N, Khan SI, Birkeland NK (2013) Prevalence and distribution of different diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli virulotypes in major water bodies in Bangladesh. Epidemiol Infect 141:2516–2525

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alves JR, Pereira ACM, Souza MC, Costa SB, Pinto AS, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Hirata-Junior R, Rosa ACP, Asad LMBO (2010) Iron-limited condition modulates biofilm formation and interaction with human epithelial cells of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC). J Appl Microbiol 108:246–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auvray F, Dilasser F, Bibbal D, Kérourédan M, Oswald E, Brugère H (2012) French cattle is not a reservoir of the highly virulent enteroaggregative Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli of serotype O104:H4. Vet Microbiol 158(3–4):443–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.02.029 Epub 2012 Feb 28

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baudry B, Savarino SJ, Vial P, Kaper JB, Levine MM (1990) A sensitive and specific DNA probe to identify enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, a recently discovered diarrheal pathogen. J Infect Dis 161:1249–1251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berger CN, Shaw RK, Ruiz-Perez F, Nataro JP, Henderson IR, Pallen MJ, Frankel G (2009) Interaction of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli with salad leaves. Environ Microb Rep 1:234–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bielaszewska M, Mellmann A, Zhang WL, Kock R, Fruth A, Bauwens A, Peters G, Karch H (2011) Characterisation of the Escherichia coli strain associated with an outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Germany, 2011: a microbiological study. Lancet Infect Dis 11:671–676

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boisen N, Ruiz-Perez F, Scheutz F, Krogfelt KA, Nataro JP (2009) Short report: high prevalence of serine protease autotransporter cytotoxins among strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80:294–301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boisen N, Scheutz F, Rasko DA, Redman JC, Persson S, Simon J, Kotloff KL, Levine MM, Sow S, Tamboura B, Toure A, Malle D, Panchalingam S, Krogfelt KA, Nataro JP (2012) Genomic characterization of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli from children in Mali. J Infect Dis 201(205):431–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boll EJ, Struve C, Sander A, Demma Z, Nataro JP, McCormick BA, Krogfelt KA (2012) The fimbriae of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli induce epithelial inflammation in vitro and in a human intestinal xenograft model. J Infect Dis 206:714–722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boll EJ, Struve C, Boisen N, Olesen B, Stahlhut SG, Krogfelt KA (2013) Role of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli virulence factors in uropathogenesis. Infect Immun 81:1164–1171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breitwieser F (1999) Studies about the pathogenicity of haemolytic and non-haemolytic Escherichia coli out of samples from dogs and cats which had fallen sick with enteritis or perished. Tierarztl Prax Ausgabe Kleintiere Heimtiere 27:381–385

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassar CA, Ottaway M, Paiba GA, Futter R, Newbould S, Woodward MJ (2004) Absence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in farmed animals in Great Britain. Vet Rec 154:237–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castro-Rosas J, Cerna-Cortes JF, Mendez-Reyes E, Lopez-Hernandez D, Gomez-Aldapa CA, Estrada-Garcia T (2012) Presence of faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes in ready-to-eat salads, from an area where crops are irrigated with untreated sewage water. Int J Food Microbiol 156:176–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cerna JF, Nataro JP, Estrada-Garcia T (2003) Multiplex PCR for detection of three plasmid-borne genes of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains. J Clin Microbiol 41:2138–2140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chattaway MA, Harris R, Jenkins C, Tam C, Coia JE, Gray J, Iturriza-Gomara M, Wain J (2013) Investigating the link between the presence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and infectious intestinal disease in the United Kingdom, 1993 to 1996 and 2008 to 2009. Eurosurveillance 18:20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chattaway MA, Jenkins C, Ciesielczuk H, Day M, DoNascimento V, Day M, Rodriguez I, van Essen-Zandbergen A, Schink AK, Wu GH, Threlfall J, Woodward MJ, Coldham N, Kadlec K, Schwarz S, Dierikx C, Guerra B, Helmuth R, Mevius D, Woodford N, Wain J (2014a) Evidence of evolving extraintestinal enteroaggregative Escherichia coli ST38 clone. Emerg Infect Dis 20:1935–1937

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chattaway MA, Jenkins C, Rajendram D, Cravioto A, Talukder KA, Dallman T, Underwood A, Platt S, Okeke IN, Wain J (2014b) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli have evolved independently as distinct complexes within the E. coli population with varying ability to cause disease. Plos One 9(11):e112967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Chen X, Zheng S, Yu F, Kong H, Yang Q, Cui D, Chen N, Lou B, Li X, Tian L, Yang X, Xie G, Dong Y, Qin Z, Han D, Wang Y, Zhang W, Tang YW, Li L (2014) Serotypes, genotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of human diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli isolates circulating in southeastern China. Clin Microbiol Infect 20:52–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Czeczulin JR, Whittam TS, Henderson IR, Navarro-Garcia F, Nataro JP (1999) Phylogenetic analysis of enteroaggregative and diffusely adherent Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 67:2692–2699

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dallman T, Smith GP, O’Brien B, Chattaway MA, Finlay D, Grant KA, Jenkins C (2012) Characterization of a verocytotoxin-producingeEnteroaggregative Escherichia coli serogroup O111:H21 strain associated with a household outbreak in Northern Ireland. J Clin Microbiol 50:4116–4119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dallman TJ, Chattaway MA, Cowley LA, Doumith M, Tewolde R, Wooldridge DJ, Underwood A, Ready D, Wain J, Foster K, Grant KA, Jenkins C (2014) An investigation of the diversity of strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolated from cases associated with a large multi-pathogen foodborne outbreak in the UK. Plos One 9(5):e98103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day M, Doumith M, Jenkins C, Dallman TJ, Hopkins KL, Elson R, Godbole G, Woodford N (2017) Antimicrobial resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups O157 and O26 isolated from human cases of diarrhoeal disease in England, 2015. J Antimicrob Chemother 72(1):145–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobrowsky PH, van Deventer A, De Kwaadsteniet M, Ndlovu T, Khan S, Cloete TE, Khan W (2014) Prevalence of virulence genes associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from domestically harvested rainwater during low- and high-rainfall periods. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:1633–1638

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dudley EG, Thomson NR, Parkhill J, Morin NP, Nataro JP (2006) Proteomic and microarray characterization of the AggR regulon identifies a pheU pathogenicity island in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 61(5):1267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta S, Pal S, Chakrabarti S, Dutta P, Manna B (1999) Use of PCR to identify enteroaggregative Escherichia coli as an important cause of acute diarrhoea among children living in Calcutta, India. J Med Microbiol 48:1011–1016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) (2011) Scientific Opinion on the risk posed by Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli (STEC) and other pathogenic bacteria in seeds and sprouted seeds. EFSA Journal 9(11):2424, 101 pp. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2424

  • Ennis C, McDowell D, Bolton DJ (2012) The prevalence, distribution and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotypes and virulotypes from a cluster of bovine farms. J Appl Microbiol 113:1238–1248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frank C, Werber D, Cramer JP, Askar M, Faber M, an der Heiden M, Bernard H, Fruth A, Prager R, Spode A, Wadl M, Zoufaly A, Jordan S, Kemper MJ, Follin P, Muller L, King LA, Rosner B, Buchholz U, Stark K, Krause G, Team HUSI (2011) Epidemic profile of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany. N Engl J Med 365:1771–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FSA (Food Standards Agency) (2000) A report of the study of infectious intestinal disease in England. The Stationery Office, London. Available at: http://www.esds.ac.uk/doc/4092%5Cmrdoc%5Cpdf%5C4092userguide6.pdf

  • Guiral E, Mendez-Arancibia E, Soto SM, Salvador P, Fabrega A, Gascon J, Vila J (2011) CTX-M-15-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli as cause of travelers’ diarrhea. Emerg Infect Dis 17:1950–1953

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington SM, Dudley EG, Nataro JP (2006) Pathogenesis of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 254:12–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington SM, Strauman MC, Abe CM, Nataro JP (2005) Aggregative adherence fimbriae contribute to the inflammatory response of epithelial cells infected with enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Cell Microbiol 7:1565–1578

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang DB, Mohamed JA, Nataro JP, DuPont HL, Jiang ZD, Okhuysen PC (2003) Virulence characteristics and the molecular epidemiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates from travellers to developing countries. J Med Microbiol 56:1386–1392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang DB, Nataro JP, DuPont HL, Kamat PP, Mhatre AD, Okhuysen PC, Chiang T (2006) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli is a cause of acute diarrheal illness: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 43:556–563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang S-W, Hsu B-M, Su Y-J, Ji D-D, Lin W-C, Chen J-L, Shih F-C, Kao P-M, Chiu Y-C (2011) Occurrence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli genes in raw water of water treatment plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 19:2776–2783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Itoh Y, Nagano I, Kunishima M, Ezaki T (1997) Laboratory investigation of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O untypeable:H10 associated with a massive outbreak of gastrointestinal illness. J Clin Microbiol 35:2546–2550

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins C, van Ijperen C, Dudley EG, Chart H, Willshaw GA, Cheasty T, Smith HR, Nataro JP (2005) Use of a microarray to assess the distribution of plasmid and chromosomal virulence genes in strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 253:119–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins C, Chart H, Willshaw GA, Cheasty T, Smith HR (2006) Genotyping of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and identification of target genes for the detection of both typical and atypical strains. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 55:13–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jønsson R (2017) Assessment of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli adhesion and virulence. Ph.D. thesis, Roskilde University/Statens Serum Institute, Denmark

    Google Scholar 

  • Jønsson R, Struve C, Boisen N, Mateiu RV, Santiago AE, Jenssen H, Nataro JP, Krogfelt KA (2015) Novel aggregative adherence fimbria variant of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 83(4):1396–1405. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.02820-14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kagambega A, Barro N, Traore AS, Siitonen A, Haukka K (2012a) Characterization of Salmonella enterica and detection of the virulence genes specific to diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from poultry carcasses in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Foodborne Pathog Dis 9:589–593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kagambega A, Martikainen O, Lienemann T, Siitonen A, Traore AS, Barro N, Haukka K (2012b) Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli detected by 16-plex PCR in raw meat and beef intestines sold at local markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Int J Food Microbiol 153:154–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kagambega A, Martikainen O, Siitonen A, Traore AS, Barro N, Haukka K (2012c) Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli virulence genes in the feces of slaughtered cattle, chickens, and pigs in Burkina Faso. MicrobiologyOpen 1:276–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahali S, Sarkar B, Rajendran K, Khanam J, Yamasaki S, Nandy RK, Bhattacharya SK, Ramamurthy T (2004) Virulence characteristics and molecular epidemiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates from hospitalized diarrheal patients in Kolkata, India. J Clin Microbiol 42:4111–4120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King LA, Nogareda F, Weill FX, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Loukiadis E, Gault G, Jourdan-DaSilva N, Bingen E, Macé M, Thevenot D, Ong N, Castor C, Noël H, Van Cauteren D, Charron M, Vaillant V, Aldabe B, Goulet V, Delmas G, Couturier E, Le Strat Y, Combe C, Delmas Y, Terrier F, Vendrely B, Rolland P, de Valk H (2012) Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 associated with organic fenugreek sprouts, France, June 2011. Clin Infect Dis 54(11):1588–1594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kong HS, Hong XP, Li XF (2015) Current perspectivesin pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog 85:44–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuroda K, Suzuki R, Ihara K, Miyagi H, Watanabe H, Sato K, Hang’ombe BM, Mubita C, Isogai N, Mulenga E, Moonga L, Isogai H, Fukuda T, Yoneyama H, Isogai E (2013) Detection of virulence genes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from fecal samples of Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis) and pastoral cattle in the interface areas of Zambia. Afr J Microbiol Res 7:504–508

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loman NJ, Constantinidou C, Christner M, Rohde H, Chan JZ, Quick J, Weir JC, Quince C, Smith GP, Betley JR, Aepfelbacher M, Pallen MJ (2013) A culture-independent sequence-based metagenomics approach to the investigation of an outbreak of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O104:H4. JAMA 309(14):1502–1510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendez Arancibia E, Pitart C, Ruiz J, Marco F, Gascon J, Vila J (2009) Evolution of antimicrobial resistance in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli causing traveller’s diarrhoea. J Antimicrob chemother 64:343–347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohamed JA, Huang DB, Jiang Z-D, DuPont HL, Nataro JP, Belkind-Gerson J, Okhuysen PC (2007) Association of putative enteroaggregative Escherichia coli virulence genes and biofilm production in isolates from travelers to developing countries. J Clin Microbiol 45:121–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohlatlole RP, Madoroba E, Muchadeyi FC, Chimonyo M, Kanengoni AT, Dzomba EF (2013) Virulence profiles of enterotoxigenic, shiga toxin and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in South African pigs. Trop Anim Health Prod 45:1399–1405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morabito S, Karch H, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Schmidt H, Minelli F, Bingen E, Caprioli A (1998) Enteroaggregative, shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O111: H2 associated with an outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 36:840–842

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Morin N, Santiago AE, Ernst RK, Guillot SJ, Nataro JP (2013) Characterization of the AggR regulon in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 81(1):122–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nataro JP, Kaper JB (1998) Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 11:142–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nataro JP, Steiner T, Guerrant RL (1998) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Emerg Infect Dis 4:251–261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nataro JP, Kaper JB, Robins-Browne R, Prado V, Vial P, Levine MM (1987) Patterns of adherence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 cells. Pediatr Infect Dis J 6:829–831

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ochoa TJ, Ruiz J, Molina M, Del Valle LJ, Vargas M, Gil AI, Ecker L, Barletta F, Hall E, Cleary TG, Lanata CF (2009) High frequency of antimicrobial drug resistance of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in infants in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81:296–301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okeke IN, Nataro JP (2001) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Lancet Infect Dis 1:304–313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olesen B, Scheutz F, Andersen RL, Menard M, Boisen N, Johnston B, Hansen DS, Krogfelt KA, Nataro JP, Johnson JR (2012) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O78: H10, the cause of an outbreak of urinary tract infection. J Clin Microbiol 50:3703–3711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oundo JO, Kariuki SM, Boga HI, Muli FW, Iijima Y (2008) High incidence of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli among food handlers in three areas of Kenya: a possible transmission route of travelers’ diarrhea. J Travel Med 15:31–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pai M, Kang G, Ramakrishna BS, Venkataraman A, Muliyil J (1997) An epidemic of diarrhoea in south India caused by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Indian J Med Res 106:7–12

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puno-Sarmiento J, Medeiros L, Chiconi C, Martins F, Pelayo J, Rocha S, Blanco J, Blanco M, Zanutto M, Kobayashi R, Nakazato G (2013) Detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from dogs and cats in Brazil. Vet Microbiol 166:676–680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puno-Sarmiento J, Gazal LE, Medeiros LP, Nishio EK, Kobayashi RKT, Nakazato G (2014) Identification of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains from avian organic fertilizers. Int J Environ Res Pub Health 11:8924–8939

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pupo GM, Lan RT, Reeves PR (2000) Multiple independent origins of Shigella clones of Escherichia coli and convergent evolution of many of their characteristics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:10567–10572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raju B, Ballal M (2009) Multidrug resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli diarrhoea in rural southern Indian population. Scand J Infect Dis 41:105–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasko DA, Rosovitz MJ, Myers GSA, Mongodin EF, Fricke WF, Gajer P, Crabtree J, Sebaihia M, Thomson NR, Chaudhuri R, Henderson IR, Sperandio V, Ravel J (2008) The pangenome structure of Escherichia coli: comparative genomic analysis of E. coli commensal and pathogenic isolates. J Bacteriol 190:6881–6893

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasko DA, Webster DR, Sahl JW, Bashir A, Boisen N, Scheutz F, Paxinos EE, Sebra R, Chin CS, Iliopoulos D, Klammer A, Peluso P, Lee L, Kislyuk AO, Bullard J, Kasarskis A, Wang S, Eid J, Rank D, Redman JC, Steyert SR, Frimodt-Moller J, Struve C, Petersen AM, Krogfelt KA, Nataro JP, Schadt EE, Waldor MK (2011) Origins of the E. coli strain causing an outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Germany. N Engl J Med 365:709–717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scavia G, Staffolani M, Fisichella S, Striano G, Colletta S, Ferri G, Escher M, Minelli F, Caprioli A (2008) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with a foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis. J Med Microbiol 57:1141–1146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheutz F, Espenhain L, Ethelberg S, Kjelsø C, Mølbak K, Olsen KEP, Petersen AM, Olesen B, Engberg J, Holt HM, Friis-Møller A, Lemming L, Schønning Rosenvinge F, Prag J, Jensen TE, Tvede M, Kjældgaard P (2014) Diarréfremkaldende E.coli 2000–2012. Available at: http://www.ssi.dk/Aktuelt/Nyhedsbreve/EPI-NYT/2014/Uge%2010%20-%202014.aspx. EPI—Nyt, 10:1. Available at: http://www.ssi.dk/Aktuelt/Nyhedsbreve/EPI-NYT/2014/Uge%2010%2020-%202014.aspx

  • Schmidt H, Knop C, Franke S, Aleksic S, Heesemann J, Karch H (1995) Development of PCR for screening of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 33:701–705

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Seifert ME, Tarr PI (2012) Azithromycin decolonization of STEC—a new risk emerges. Nature Rev Nephrol 8(7):429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheikh J, Hicks S, Dall’Agnol M, Phillips AD, Nataro JP (2001) Roles for Fis and YafK in biofilm formation by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 41:983–997

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheikh J, Czeczulin JR, Harrington S, Hicks S, Henderson IR, Le Bouguénec C, Gounon P, Phillips A, Nataro JP (2002) A novel dispersin protein in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. J Clin Invest 110(9):1329–1337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shin J, Oh SS, Oh KH, Park JH, Jang EJ, Chung GT, Yoo CK, Bae GR, Cho SH (2015) An outbreak of foodborne illness caused by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in a high school, South Korea. Jpn J Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.460

  • Sidhu JPS, Ahmed W, Hodgers L, Toze S (2013) Occurrence of virulence genes associated with diarrheagenic pathotypes in Escherichia coli isolates from surface water. Appl Environ Microbiol 79:328–335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith HR, Cheasty T, Rowe B (1997) Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and outbreaks of gastroenteritis in UK. Lancet 350:814–815

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobieszczańska BM, Osek J (2003) Enteroaggregative and cell-detaching Escherichia coli strains among polish children with and without diarrhea. Folia Microbiol 48:823–828

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sobieszczańska BM, Osek J, Waśko-Czopnik D, Dworniczek E, Jermakow K (2007) Association of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli with irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Microbiol Infect 13(4):404–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tam CC, Rodrigues LC, Viviani L, Dodds JP, Evans MR, Hunter PR, Gray JJ, Letley LH, Rait G, Tompkins DS, O’Brien SJ, Comm IIDSE (2012) Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the UK (IID2 study): incidence in the community and presenting to general practice. Gut 61:69–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tozzoli R, Scheutz F (2014) Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli infections in humans. In: Morabito S (ed) Pathogenic Escherichia coli: molecular and cellular microbiology, 1st edn. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, UK, pp 1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Tozzoli R, Grande L, Michelacci V, Ranieri P, Maugliani A, Caprioli A, Morabito S (2014) Shiga toxin-converting phages and the emergence of new pathogenic Escherichia coli: a world in motion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 20(4):80

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsai CC, Chen SY, Tsen HY (2003) Screening the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli activity and detection of the aggA, aafA, and astA genes with novel PCR primers for the Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhea cases in Taiwan. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 46:159–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vial PA, Robins-Browne R, Lior H, Prado V, Kaper JB, Nataro JP, Maneval D, Elsayed A, Levine MM (1988) Characterization of enteroadherent-aggregative Escherichia coli, a putative agent of diarrheal disease. J Infect Dis 158(1):70–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vila J, Vargas M, Ruiz J, Espasa M, Pujol M, Corachan M, De Anta MTJ, Gascon J (2001) Susceptibility patterns of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with traveller’s diarrhoea: emergence of quinolone resistance. J Med Microbiol 50:996–1000

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wieler LH, Semmler T, Eichhorn I, Antao EM, Kinnemann B, Geue L, Karch H, Guenther S, Bethe A (2011) No evidence of the Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O104:H4 outbreak strain or enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) found in cattle faeces in northern Germany, the hotspot of the 2011 HUS outbreak area. Gut Pathogens, 3

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson A, Evans J, Chart H, Cheasty T, Wheeler JG, Tompkins D, Smith HR (2001) Characterisation of strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolated during the infectious intestinal disease study in England. Eur J Epidemiol 17:1125–1130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zurfluh K, Poirel L, Nordmann P, Klumpp J (2015) Stephan R First detection of Klebsiella variicola producing OXA-181 carbapenemase in fresh vegetable imported from Asia to Switzerland. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 6(4):38

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5HT, UK

    Claire Jenkins

Authors
  1. Claire Jenkins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Claire Jenkins .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Gad Frankel

  2. Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eliora Z Ron

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Crown

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Jenkins, C. (2018). Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. In: Frankel, G., Ron, E. (eds) Escherichia coli, a Versatile Pathogen. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 416. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2018_105

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation