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Agrobacterium: A Genome-Editing Tool-Delivery System

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Agrobacterium Biology

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 418))

Abstract

With the rapidly increasing global population, it will be extremely challenging to provide food to the world without increasing food production by at least 70% over the next 30 years. As we reach the limits of expanding arable land, the responsibility of meeting this production goal will rely on increasing yields. Traditional plant breeding practices will not be able to realistically meet these expectations, thrusting plant biotechnology into the limelight to fulfill these needs. Better varieties will need to be developed faster and with the least amount of regulatory hurdles. With the need to add, delete, and substitute genes into existing genomes, the field of genome editing and gene targeting is now rapidly developing with numerous new technologies coming to the forefront. Agrobacterium-mediated crop transformation has been the most utilized method to generate transgenic varieties that are better yielding, have new traits, and are disease and pathogen resistant. Genome-editing technologies rely on the creation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the genomic DNA of target species to facilitate gene disruption, addition, or replacement through either non-homologous end joining or homology-dependent repair mechanisms. DSBs can be introduced through the use of zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), or clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas nucleases, among others. Agrobacterium strains have been employed to deliver the reagents for genome editing to the specific target cells. Understanding the biology of transformation from the perspective not only of Agrobacterium, but also of the host, from processing of T-DNA to its integration in the host genome, has resulted in a wealth of information that has been used to engineer Agrobacterium strains having increased virulence. As more technologies are being developed, that will help overcome issues of Agrobacterium host range and random integration of DNA, combined with highly sequence-specific nucleases, a robust crop genome-editing toolkit finally seems attainable.

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Change history

  • 20 September 2018

    By mistake the chapter was published with incorrect author name. The chapter has now been corrected.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Prof. Stanton Gelvin for permission to include some unpublished data from his laboratory. Some of the work described here was supported by the Applied Science and Technology function of Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont. The authors apologize to their colleagues whose work was not cited because of space limitations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, 8305 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA, USA

    Nagesh Sardesai

  2. Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Subhashree Subramanyam

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  1. Nagesh Sardesai
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  2. Subhashree Subramanyam
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Correspondence to Nagesh Sardesai .

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Stanton B. Gelvin

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Sardesai, N., Subramanyam, S. (2018). Agrobacterium: A Genome-Editing Tool-Delivery System. In: Gelvin, S. (eds) Agrobacterium Biology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 418. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2018_101

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