Abstract
Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a major post-translational modification performed by bacterial toxins, which transfer an ADP-ribose moiety to a substrate acceptor residue. Actin- and Rho-specific ADP-ribosylating toxins (ARTs) are typical ARTs known to have very similar tertiary structures but totally different targets. Actin-specific ARTs are the A components of binary toxins, ADP-ribosylate actin at Arg177, leading to the depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton. On the other hand, C3-like exoenzymes are Rho-specific ARTs, ADP-ribosylate Rho GTPases at Asn41, exerting an indirect effect on the actin cytoskeleton. This review focuses on the differences and similarities of actin- and Rho-specific ARTs, especially with respect to their substrate recognition and cell entry mechanisms, based on structural studies.
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Acknowledgements
H.T. appreciates Masataka Oda, Jun Sakurai, and Masahiro Nagahama, who support our work on the structure of toxin-substrate protein complex.
This work was supported in part by a Strategic Research Foundation Grant-aided Project for Private Universities and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, KAKENHI Grant Number: 23121529, 25121733 and 15K08289 of Japan.
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Tsuge, H., Tsurumura, T., Toda, A., Murata, H., Toniti, W., Yoshida, T. (2016). Comparative Studies of Actin- and Rho-Specific ADP-Ribosylating Toxins: Insight from Structural Biology. In: Mannherz, H. (eds) The Actin Cytoskeleton and Bacterial Infection. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 399. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2016_23
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