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Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Infective Endocarditis Associated with Staphylococcus aureus

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Staphylococcus aureus

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 409))

Abstract

Bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE) are important causes of morbidity and mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections. Increasing exposure to healthcare, invasive procedures, and prosthetic implants has been associated with a rising incidence of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) and IE since the late twentieth century. S. aureus is now the most common cause of bacteremia and IE in industrialized nations worldwide and is associated with excess mortality when compared to other pathogens. Central tenets of management include identification of complicated bacteremia, eradicating foci of infection, and, for many, prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Evolving multidrug resistance and limited therapeutic options highlight the many unanswered clinical questions and urgent need for further high-quality clinical research.

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Abbreviations

CA-MRSA:

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

ClfA:

Clumping factor A

FnBPA:

Fibronectin-binding protein A

IDU:

Injection drug use

IE:

Infective endocarditis

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

MRSA:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

MSCRAMM:

Microbial surface component reacting with adhesive matrix molecules

MSSA:

Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

SAB:

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia

SSTI:

Skin and soft tissue infection

TEE:

Transesophageal echocardiography

TTE:

Transthoracic echocardiography

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Acknowledgements

Steven Y.C. Tong is an Australian National Health and Medical Council Career Development Fellow (1065736). Vance G. Fowler Jr. is supported by grants R01-AI068804 and K24-AI093969 from the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Stephen P. Bergin, Thomas L. Holland & Vance G. Fowler Jr

  2. Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia

    Steven Y. C. Tong

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  1. Stephen P. Bergin
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  2. Thomas L. Holland
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  3. Vance G. Fowler Jr
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  4. Steven Y. C. Tong
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Correspondence to Steven Y. C. Tong .

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  1. GSK Vaccines, Siena, Italy

    Fabio Bagnoli

  2. GSK Vaccines, Siena, Italy

    Rino Rappuoli

  3. Center for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy

    Guido Grandi

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Bergin, S.P., Holland, T.L., Fowler, V.G., Tong, S.Y.C. (2015). Bacteremia, Sepsis, and Infective Endocarditis Associated with Staphylococcus aureus . In: Bagnoli, F., Rappuoli, R., Grandi, G. (eds) Staphylococcus aureus. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 409. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2015_5001

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