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ADP-Ribosylation of P2X7: A Matter of Life and Death for Regulatory T Cells and Natural Killer T Cells

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Endogenous ADP-Ribosylation

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 384))

Abstract

ADP-ribosyltransferases comprise a family of enzymes originally discovered as bacterial toxins and later characterised also in mammals. In mice, the ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTC2.2 is expressed at the surface of T lymphocytes and has been studied extensively. In the presence of extracellular NAD+, ARTC2.2 ADP-ribosylates several cell surface target proteins and thereby regulates their function. P2X7, an ATP-gated cation channel, has been discovered as a prominent ARTC2.2 target at the surface of mouse T cells. ADP-ribosylation of P2X7 in the presence of low micromolar extracellular NAD+ induces long-lasting P2X7 activation and triggers cell death. Regulatory T cell subsets (Tregs and NKT cells) are remarkably sensitive to NAD+-induced cell death (NICD). Thus, liberation of endogenous NAD+ by stressed cells is now viewed as a danger signal promoting immune responses by hindering regulatory T cells. This review will highlight the recent discoveries on the in vivo role of the ARTC2.2/P2X7 pathway triggered by the endogenous release of extracellular NAD+, the relative sensitivity of lymphocytes subsets to this regulatory pathway and its pharmacological manipulation using camelid-derived ARTC2.2-blocking nanobodies.

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Abbreviations

αGalCer:

Alpha-galactosylceramide

ADPR:

Adenosine diphosphate ribose

ART:

Mono-ADP-ribosyl transferase

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

cADPR:

Cyclic ADP-ribose

CDR3:

Complementarity determining region 3

ConA:

Concanavalin A

DC:

Dendritic cell

E-NPP:

Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases

mAb:

Monoclonal antibody

NAD+ :

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NA:

Nicotinamide

NICD:

NAD+-induced cell death

NKT:

Natural killer T cell

NOD:

Non-obese-diabetic

PARP:

Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase

PS:

Phosphatidylserine

TACE:

TNFα-converting enzyme

TCR:

T cell receptor

Treg:

Regulatory T cell

WT:

Wild-type

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Inserm, Association Française contre les Myopathies (AFM), Normandy University and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for their financial supports.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany

    Björn Rissiek, Friedrich Haag & Friedrich Koch-Nolte

  2. Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany

    Björn Rissiek

  3. National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U905, Rouen, France

    Olivier Boyer & Sahil Adriouch

  4. Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, Rouen, France

    Olivier Boyer & Sahil Adriouch

  5. Laboratory of Immunology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France

    Olivier Boyer

  6. Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen University, Normandy, France

    Sahil Adriouch

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  1. Björn Rissiek
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  2. Friedrich Haag
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  3. Olivier Boyer
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  4. Friedrich Koch-Nolte
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  5. Sahil Adriouch
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sahil Adriouch .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany

    Friedrich Koch-Nolte

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Rissiek, B., Haag, F., Boyer, O., Koch-Nolte, F., Adriouch, S. (2014). ADP-Ribosylation of P2X7: A Matter of Life and Death for Regulatory T Cells and Natural Killer T Cells. In: Koch-Nolte, F. (eds) Endogenous ADP-Ribosylation. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 384. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2014_420

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