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The Role of Cytokine Responses During Influenza Virus Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Options

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Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume II

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 386))

Abstract

Aberrant pulmonary immune responses are linked to the pathogenesis of multiple human respiratory viral infections. Elevated cytokine and chemokine production “cytokine storm” has been continuously associated with poor clinical outcome and pathogenesis during influenza virus infection in humans and animal models. Initial trials using global immune suppression with corticosteroids or targeted neutralization of single inflammatory mediators proved ineffective to ameliorate pathology during pathogenic influenza virus infection. Thus, it was believed that cytokine storm was either chemically intractable or not causal in the pathology observed. During this review, we will discuss the history of research assessing the roles various cytokines, chemokines, and innate immune cells play in promoting pathology or protection during influenza virus infection. Several promising new strategies modulating lipid signaling have been recently uncovered for global blunting, but not ablation, of innate immune responses following influenza virus infection. Importantly, modulating lipid signaling through various means has proven effective at curbing morbidity and mortality in animal models and may be useful for curbing influenza virus induced pathology in humans. Finally, we highlight future research directions for mechanistically dissecting how modulation of lipid signaling pathways results in favorable outcomes following influenza virus infection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA

    John R. Teijaro

  2. Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA

    John R. Teijaro

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

    Michael B. A. Oldstone

  2. IDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Richard W. Compans

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Teijaro, J.R. (2014). The Role of Cytokine Responses During Influenza Virus Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Options. In: Oldstone, M., Compans, R. (eds) Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume II. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 386. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2014_411

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