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The NS1 Protein: A Multitasking Virulence Factor

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Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume II

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 386))

Abstract

The non-structural protein 1 of influenza virus (NS1) is a relatively small polypeptide with an outstanding number of ascribed functions. NS1 is the main viral antagonist of the innate immune response during influenza virus infection, chiefly by inhibiting the type I interferon system at multiple steps. As such, its role is critical to overcome the first barrier the host presents to halt the viral infection. However, the pro-viral activities of this well-studied protein go far beyond and include regulation of viral RNA and protein synthesis, and disruption of the host cell homeostasis by dramatically affecting general gene expression while tweaking the PI3K signaling network. Because of all of this, NS1 is a key virulence factor that impacts influenza pathogenesis, and adaptation to new hosts, making it an attractive target for control strategies. Here, we will overview the many roles that have been ascribed to the NS1 protein, and give insights into the sequence features and structural properties that make them possible, highlighting the need to understand how NS1 can actually perform all of these functions during viral infection.

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Acknowledgments

Work in AG-S laboratory is partially funded by NIH grants U19AI106754, U19AI083025, P01AI090935, P01AI097092, U19AI089987, R01AI088770, R01AI079110, R01AI089539, U01AI095611, R01DA033773; NIH contracts HHSN272201000054C, HHSN272200900032C, HHSN272201300023C; and by CRIP (Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis), and NIAID funded Center of Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS, contract # HHSN272201400008C).

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    Juan Ayllon

  2. Department of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases; and Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    Adolfo García-Sastre

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  1. Juan Ayllon
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Correspondence to Adolfo García-Sastre .

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  1. Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

    Michael B. A. Oldstone

  2. IDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Richard W. Compans

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Ayllon, J., García-Sastre, A. (2014). The NS1 Protein: A Multitasking Virulence Factor. In: Oldstone, M., Compans, R. (eds) Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume II. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 386. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2014_400

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