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Lactobacillus: Host–Microbe Relationships

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Between Pathogenicity and Commensalism

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 358))

Abstract

Lactobacilli are a subdominant component of the human intestinal microbiota that are also found in other body sites, certain foods, and nutrient-rich niches in the free environment. They represent the types of microorganisms that mammalian immune systems have learned not to react to, which is recognized as a potential driving force in the evolution of the human immune system. Co-evolution of lactobacilli and animals provides a rational basis to postulate an association with health benefits. To further complicate a description of their host interactions, lactobacilli may rarely cause opportunistic infections in compromised subjects. In this review, we focus primarily on human–Lactobacillus interactions. We overview the microbiological complexity of this extraordinarily diverse genus, we describe where lactobacilli are found in or on humans, what responses their presence elicits, and what microbial interaction and effector molecules have been identified. The rare cases of Lactobacillus septicaemia are explained in terms of the host impairment required for such an outcome. We discuss possibilities for exploitation of lactobacilli for therapeutic delivery and mucosal vaccination.

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Abbreviations

aCGH:

Array-based comparative genome hybridization

GIT:

Gastrointestinal tract

GRAS:

Generally Regarded As Safe

IL10:

Interleukin 10

LAB:

Lactic acid bacteria

MAMP:

Microbe associated molecular pattern

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

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Acknowledgments

Work in PWOT’s laboratory is supported in part by awards from Science Foundation Ireland (Principal Investigator program, and a CSET grant to the Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre), and from the Dept. Agriculture Fisheries and Food/Health Research Board FHRI program. We thank Page Caufield for helpful discussions.

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    John O’Callaghan & Paul W. O’Toole

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  1. John O’Callaghan
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Correspondence to Paul W. O’Toole .

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  1. , Institut für Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 41, Münster, 48149, Germany

    Ulrich Dobrindt

  2. , Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften, Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leop, Emil-Abderhalden-Str. 37, Halle, 06108, Germany

    Jörg H. Hacker

  3. , Section of Microbiology, Immunology and, Lund University, Sölvegatan 23, Lund, 22362, Sweden

    Catharina Svanborg

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O’Callaghan, J., O’Toole, P.W. (2011). Lactobacillus: Host–Microbe Relationships. In: Dobrindt, U., Hacker, J., Svanborg, C. (eds) Between Pathogenicity and Commensalism. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 358. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2011_187

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