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Swine Influenza pp 57–68Cite as

History of Swine Influenza Viruses in Asia

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 370))

Abstract

The pig is one of the main hosts of influenza A viruses and plays important roles in shaping the current influenza ecology. The occurrence of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus demonstrated that pigs could independently facilitate the genesis of a pandemic influenza strain. Genetic analyses revealed that this virus was derived by reassortment between at least two parent swine influenza viruses (SIV), from the northern American triple reassortant H1N2 (TR) and European avian-like H1N1 (EA) lineages. The movement of live pigs between different continents and subsequent virus establishment are preconditions for such a reassortment event to occur. Asia, especially China, has the largest human and pig populations in the world, and seems to be the only region frequently importing pigs from other continents. Virological surveillance revealed that not only classical swine H1N1 (CS), and human-origin H3N2 viruses circulated, but all of the EA, TR and their reassortant variants were introduced into and co-circulated in pigs in this region. Understanding the long-term evolution and history of SIV in Asia would provide insights into the emergence of influenza viruses with epidemic potential in swine and humans.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases contract HSN266200700005C); Li Ka Shing Foundation; and Area of Excellence Scheme of the University Grants Committee of the Hong Kong SAR (grant AoE/M-12/06).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China

    Huachen Zhu, Tommy T. Y. Lam, David K. Smith & Yi Guan

  2. State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5/F, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Huachen Zhu, Tommy T. Y. Lam, David K. Smith, Joseph S. M. Peiris & Yi Guan

  3. Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Disease, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA

    Richard Webby

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  1. Huachen Zhu
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  2. Richard Webby
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Correspondence to Yi Guan .

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  1. Science and Techn. Ctr. of Excellence, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Mosier Hall K-224B, Manhattan, 66506-5601, Kansas, USA

    Jürgen A. Richt

  2. Dept. Infectious Diseases (ID), Div. Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, N. Lauderdale St. 332, Memphis, 38105, Tennessee, USA

    Richard J. Webby

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Zhu, H., Webby, R., Lam, T.T., Smith, D.K., Peiris, J.S., Guan, Y. (2011). History of Swine Influenza Viruses in Asia. In: Richt, J., Webby, R. (eds) Swine Influenza. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 370. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2011_179

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