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Targeting Skin Dendritic Cells to Improve Intradermal Vaccination

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Intradermal Immunization

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 351))

Abstract

Vaccinations in medicine are typically administered into the muscle beneath the skin or into the subcutaneous fat. As a consequence, the vaccine is immunologically processed by antigen-presenting cells of the skin or the muscle. Recent evidence suggests that the clinically seldom used intradermal route is effective and possibly even superior to the conventional subcutaneous or intramuscular route. Several types of professional antigen-presenting cells inhabit the healthy skin. Epidermal Langerhans cells (CD207/langerin+), dermal langerinneg, and dermal langerin+ dendritic cells (DC) have been described, the latter subset so far only in mouse skin. In human skin langerinneg dermal DC can be further classified based on their reciprocal expression of CD1a and CD14. The relative contributions of these subsets to the generation of immunity or tolerance are still unclear. Yet, specializations of these different populations have become apparent. Langerhans cells in human skin appear to be specialized for induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes; human CD14+ dermal DC can promote antibody production by B cells. It is currently attempted to rationally devise and improve vaccines by harnessing such specific properties of skin DC. This could be achieved by specifically targeting functionally diverse skin DC subsets. We discuss here advances in our knowledge on the immunological properties of skin DC and strategies to significantly improve the outcome of vaccinations by applying this knowledge.

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Acknowledgments

This study has continuously been supported by the Austrian Science Fund (currently, FWF project P21487 to P. Stoitzner). NR, CHT, and SE are further supported by the COMET Center ONCOTYROL and funded by the Federal Ministry for Transport Innovation & Technology (BMVIT) and the Federal Ministry of Economics & Labour/the Federal Ministry of Economy, Family & Youth (BMWA/BMWFJ), the Tiroler Zukunftsstiftung (TZS). We appreciate the participation of the TILAK hospital holding company, who serves as a partner the Oncotyrol research program. FS is supported by a grant (#11) of the IFTZ (Integriertes Forschungs- und Therapiezentrum) at Innsbruck Medical University.

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  1. Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    N. Romani, V. Flacher, C. H. Tripp, F. Sparber, S. Ebner & P. Stoitzner

  2. Oncotyrol—Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria

    N. Romani, C. H. Tripp & S. Ebner

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  1. N. Romani
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  2. V. Flacher
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  3. C. H. Tripp
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  4. F. Sparber
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  5. S. Ebner
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  6. P. Stoitzner
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Correspondence to N. Romani .

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  1. , Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medica, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands

    Marcel B.M. Teunissen

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Romani, N., Flacher, V., Tripp, C.H., Sparber, F., Ebner, S., Stoitzner, P. (2011). Targeting Skin Dendritic Cells to Improve Intradermal Vaccination. In: Teunissen, M. (eds) Intradermal Immunization. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 351. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2010_118

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