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Neurogenesis and Hippocampal Plasticity in Adult Brain

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Neurogenesis and Neural Plasticity

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 15))

Abstract

Plasticity in the adult brain enables lifelong learning. The fundamental mechanism of adult neural plasticity is activity-dependent reorganization of pre-existing structure, in contrast to the widespread cellular proliferation and migration that occurs during development. Whereas adult hippocampal dentate gyrus continuously generates cohorts of neurons, and newborn neurons integrate into the existing neural circuit under the regulation of existing global and local neural activity, demonstrating a unique cellular and synaptic flexibility in adult brain. Exhibiting an enhanced structural and synaptic plasticity during the maturation, adult-born hippocampal neurons may represent a unique population for hippocampal function. Current evidence indicates that lifelong addition of new hippocampal neurons may extend early developmental plasticity to adulthood, which continuously rejuvenates adult brain. We reviewed most recent advancements in exploring the circuit and behavioral role of adult-born hippocampal neurons.

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Abbreviations

DG:

Dentate gyrus

DGCs:

Dentate granule cells

SGZ:

Subgranular zone

LTP:

Long-term potentiation

GABA:

Gamma-amino butyric acid

NMDA:

N-Methyl-D-aspartate

AMPA:

Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA

    Yan Gu, Stephen Janoschka & Shaoyu Ge

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  1. Yan Gu
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  2. Stephen Janoschka
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  3. Shaoyu Ge
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Correspondence to Yan Gu or Shaoyu Ge .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , INSERM 930, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Grandmont, Tours, 37200, France

    Catherine Belzung

  2. Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom

    Peter Wigmore

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Gu, Y., Janoschka, S., Ge, S. (2012). Neurogenesis and Hippocampal Plasticity in Adult Brain. In: Belzung, C., Wigmore, P. (eds) Neurogenesis and Neural Plasticity. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2012_217

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