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Behavioral Neurogenetics pp 463–502Cite as

Behavioral Genetics of Affective and Anxiety Disorders

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 12))

Abstract

As shown by clinical genetic studies, affective and anxiety disorders are complex genetic disorders with genetic and environmental factors interactively determining their respective pathomechanism. Advances in molecular genetic techniques including linkage studies, association studies, and genome-wide association studies allow for the detailed dissection of the genetic influence on the development of these disorders. Besides the molecular genetic investigation of categorical entities according to standardized diagnostic criteria, intermediate phenotypes comprising neurobiological or neuropsychological traits (e.g., neuronal correlates of emotional processing) that are linked to the disease of interest and that are heritable, have been proposed to be closer to the underlying genotype than the overall disease phenotype. These intermediate phenotypes are dimensional and more precisely defined than the categorical disease phenotype, and therefore have attracted much interest in the genetic investigation of affective and anxiety disorders. Given the complex genetic nature of affective and anxiety disorders with an interaction of multiple risk genes and environmental influences, the interplay of genetic factors with environmental factors is investigated by means of gene-environment interaction (GxE) studies. Pharmacogenetic studies aid in the dissection of the genetically influenced heterogeneity of psychotropic drug response and may contribute to the development of a more individualized treatment of affective and anxiety disorders. Finally, there is some evidence for genetic factors potentially shared between affective and anxiety disorders pointing to a possible overlapping phenotype between anxiety disorders and depression.

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Acknowledgments

This paper was supported by the DFG (Grant RE1632/1-1,/1-3 and/5 to AR, KFO 125 TP4 to AR, DE357/4-1 to AR, SFB TRR 58 C2 and Z2 to AR and KD, respectively; RTG 1252, to AR) and the BMBF (Panik-Net Subproject 6, to AR). We thank A. Alttoa for valuable discussions and her kind help in the preparation of the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, D-97080, Würzburg, Germany

    Katharina Domschke & Andreas Reif

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  1. Katharina Domschke
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  2. Andreas Reif
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Correspondence to Katharina Domschke .

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  1. , Dep of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, College Rd, Cork, 30, Ireland

    John F. Cryan

  2. , Department of Psychiatry and Psychothera, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, Würzburg, 97080, Germany

    Andreas Reif

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Domschke, K., Reif, A. (2011). Behavioral Genetics of Affective and Anxiety Disorders. In: Cryan, J., Reif, A. (eds) Behavioral Neurogenetics. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2011_185

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