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Rodent Models of ADHD

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Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Treatment

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 9))

Abstract

The neonatal 6-OHDA-lesioned rat, coloboma mouse, DAT-KO mouse, and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) models all bear a phenotypic resemblance to ADHD in that they express hyperactivity, inattention, and/or impulsivity. The models also illustrate the heterogeneity of ADHD: the initial cause (chemical depletion or genetic abnormality) of the ADHD-like behaviors is different for each model. Neurochemical and behavioral studies of the models indicate aberrations in monoaminergic neurotransmission. Hyperdopaminergic neurotransmission is implicated in the abnormal behavior of all models. Norepinephrine has a dual enhancing/inhibitory role in ADHD symptoms, and serotonin acts to inhibit abnormal dopamine and norepinephrine signaling. It is unlikely that symptoms arise from a single neurotransmitter dysfunction. Rather, studies of animal models of ADHD suggest that symptoms develop through the complex interactions of monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems.

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Abbreviations

5,7-DHT:

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine

6-OHDA:

6-Hydroxydopamine

ADHD:

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

DAT-KD:

Dopamine transporter knockdown

DAT-KO:

Dopamine transporter knockout

DSM-IV:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (Edition IV)

m-CPP:

m-Chlorophenylpiperazine

NET:

Norepinephrine transporter

SERT:

Serotonin transporter

SHR:

Spontaneously hypertensive rat

SNAP-25:

Synaptosomal associated peptide (-25)

TH:

Tyrosine hydroxylase

WKY:

Wistar Kyoto (rat)

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  1. Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Xueliang Fan, Kristy J. Bruno & Ellen J. Hess

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  1. Xueliang Fan
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  2. Kristy J. Bruno
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  3. Ellen J. Hess
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Correspondence to Ellen J. Hess .

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  1. , Dept of Neurosci, Physiol & Pharmacol, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, United Kingdom

    Clare Stanford

  2. , Human Development & Applied Psychology, The Ontario Institute for Studies in Edu, Bloor Street West 252, Toronto, M5S1V6, Canada

    Rosemary Tannock

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Fan, X., Bruno, K.J., Hess, E.J. (2011). Rodent Models of ADHD. In: Stanford, C., Tannock, R. (eds) Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Its Treatment. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2011_121

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