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Drosophila as a Model Organism for the Study of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

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Book cover Molecular and Functional Models in Neuropsychiatry

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 7))

Abstract

The fruitfly Drosophila offers a model system in which powerful genetic tools can be applied to understanding the neurobiological bases of a range of complex behaviors. The Drosophila and human lineages diverged several hundred million years ago, and despite their obvious differences, flies and humans share many fundamental cellular and neurobiological processes. The similarities include fundamental mechanisms of neuronal signaling, a conserved underlying brain architecture and the main classes of neurotransmitter system. Drosophila also have a sophisticated behavioral repertoire that includes extensive abilities to adapt to experience and other circumstances, and is therefore susceptible to the same kinds of insults that can cause neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. Given the different physiologies, lifestyles, and cognitive abilities of flies and humans, many higher order behavioral features of the human disorders cannot be modeled readily in flies. However, an increasing understanding of the genetics of human neuropsychiatric disorders is suggesting parallels with underlying neurobiological mechanisms in flies, thus providing important insights into the possible mechanisms of these poorly understood disorders.

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Abbreviations

ARM:

Anesthesia-resistant memory

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

cAMP:

Cyclic AMP

DAT:

Dopamine transporter

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

LNs:

Lateral neurons

NMJ:

Neuromuscular junction

NPF:

Neuropeptide F

NPY:

Neuropeptide Y

PACAP:

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating protein

PKA:

cAMP-dependent protein kinase

SERT:

Serotonin transporter

SSRI:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

VMAT:

Vesicular monoamine transporter

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  1. Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK

    Cahir J. O’Kane

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  1. Cahir J. O’Kane
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  1. Global Medical Excellence Cluster (GMEC), King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom

    Jim J. Hagan

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O’Kane, C.J. (2011). Drosophila as a Model Organism for the Study of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. In: Hagan, J. (eds) Molecular and Functional Models in Neuropsychiatry. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 7. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2010_110

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