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Advancements of Second Near-Infrared Biological Window Fluorophores: Mechanism, Synthesis, and Application In Vivo

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Fluorescent Imaging in Medicinal Chemistry

Part of the book series: Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ((TMC,volume 34))

Abstract

In vivo fluorescence imaging in second near-infrared biological window (NIR-II) is an emerging imaging technique in both fundamental research and clinical application. NIR-II fluorescence affords high-resolution images with increasing penetration depths due to the reduced scattering, minimal absorption, and negligible autofluorescence. In this chapter, we review the recent 10-year progress made on NIR-II fluorescence imaging in 1,000–1,700 nm NIR-II windows by summarizing an increasingly advanced NIR-II fluorophores including organic dyes and inorganic nanoparticles, with tunable emission wavelengths. The NIR-II fluorescence emission mechanism and the strategy for synthesis of high quantum yield with more biocompatible and higher photostability NIR-II fluorophores will be highlighted. In addition, we provide our perspective on the current development and bright future direction of NIR-II fluorophores development in frontier fields.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by the fund from the Department of Radiology, Stanford University.

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  1. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China

    Shuqing He

  2. Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, and Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Shuqing He & Zhen Cheng

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Correspondence to Zhen Cheng .

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  1. Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Zhen Cheng

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Funding:

This work was partially supported by the fund from the Department of Radiology, Stanford University; the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DE-SC0008397) and the Shenzhen Basic Research Project (JCYJ20170817094201000).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This chapter does not contain any studies with human. All institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed.

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He, S., Cheng, Z. (2019). Advancements of Second Near-Infrared Biological Window Fluorophores: Mechanism, Synthesis, and Application In Vivo. In: Cheng, Z. (eds) Fluorescent Imaging in Medicinal Chemistry . Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, vol 34. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7355_2019_89

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