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Inflammation at the Blood–Brain Barrier in Multiple Sclerosis

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Book cover The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

Part of the book series: Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ((TMC,volume 10))

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Abstract

The blood–brain barrier is specialized to function as a barrier to protect the central nervous system (CNS) by restricting entry of unwanted molecules and immune cells into the brain and inversely, to prevent CNS-born agents from reaching the systemic circulation. The blood–brain barrier endothelium, together with the cells involved in its regulation, forms the neurovascular unit. Blood–brain barrier dysfunction is an important hallmark of early multiple sclerosis pathophysiology, leading to a consequent loss of the imperative brain homeostasis. The unrestrained access of immune cells and blood-borne compounds into the CNS play a central role in demyelination and axonal damage, two major hallmarks of multiple sclerosis pathology underlying the clinical symptoms of patients. The neuroinflammatory changes at the blood–brain barrier are numerous and include the loss of barrier function, altered communication with surrounding cells, and activation of both inflammation promoting and dampening mechanisms. A better understanding of the blood–brain barrier alterations in neuroinflammation might lead to new ways to promote blood–brain barrier function in neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Mark R. Mizee, Ruben van Doorn & Helga E. de Vries

  2. Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Hospital Complex of the Université de Montréal, Notre Dame Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Alexandre Prat

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  1. Mark R. Mizee
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  4. Helga E. de Vries
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  1. Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Gert Fricker

  2. Dept. for Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology, Institute für Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany

    Melanie Ott

  3. Dept. for Pharmaceutical Technology and Pharmacology, Institute für Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany

    Anne Mahringer

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Mizee, M.R., van Doorn, R., Prat, A., de Vries, H.E. (2013). Inflammation at the Blood–Brain Barrier in Multiple Sclerosis. In: Fricker, G., Ott, M., Mahringer, A. (eds) The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7355_2013_21

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