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Mitosomes in Parasitic Protists

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Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes: Mitochondria of Anaerobic Eukaryotes

Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 9))

Abstract

Mitosomes are simple, mitochondrion-derived organelles, which were recently found in various “amitochondrial” protists, including the human parasites Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and microsporidians. Similar organelles might also be present in some free-living protists. Although all these organisms underwent different evolutionary histories, they arrived at common life strategies for which oxygen-dependent ATP synthesis is not required: they inhabit either an oxygen-poor environment, such as the intestinal tract of their hosts, or they are adapted to intracellular parasitism. Consequently, the majority of their mitochondrial functions were permanently lost with concomitant loss of the organellar genome, and mitochondria gradually transformed into their highly reduced forms named mitosomes. The common features of mitosomes, which were retained and pointed to their mitochondrial origin, are a double membrane surrounding the organellar matrix, conserved mechanisms of protein import and processing, and the biosynthesis of iron–sulfur (FeS) clusters. Finding the latter function in mitosomes supports the notion that FeS cluster assembly is the only essential function of mitochondria necessary for the maturation of cellular FeS proteins. Only in the mitosomes of E. histolytica was the mitochondrion type of FeS cluster assembly machinery not conserved, and their function remains enigmatic. Unlike hydrogenosomes, another type of mitochondrion-derived organelle, mitosomes do not synthesize ATP and hydrogen. Many more investigations are required to elucidate the biology of mitosomes and the evolutionary paths leading to the formation of the various mitochondrion-derived organelles, of which mitosomes are the most simplified.

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  1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 12844, Prague 2, Czech Republic

    Jan Tachezy & Ondřej Šmíd

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  1. Jan Tachezy
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  2. Ondřej Šmíd
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Correspondence to Jan Tachezy .

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Tachezy, J., Šmíd, O. (2007). Mitosomes in Parasitic Protists. In: Tachezy, J. (eds) Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes: Mitochondria of Anaerobic Eukaryotes. Microbiology Monographs, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7171_2007_113

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