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Occurrence, Biosynthesis, and Biotechnological Production of Dipeptides

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Amino Acid Biosynthesis ~ Pathways, Regulation and Metabolic Engineering

Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 5))

Abstract

l-α-Dipeptides are not mere mixtures of amino acids. Some of them have their own properties which are not found in the corresponding amino acids. Despite such versatility, dipeptides have been poorly recognized, mainly due to the lack of an efficient manufacturing method. Though a variety of dipeptides, many of which contain unusual amino acids or have a cyclic form, have been found as metabolites of microorganisms, their biosynthetic routes had remained unclear. However, recent studies have revealed the existence of several ribosome-independent machineries capable of synthesizing dipeptides, such as nonribosomal peptide synthetases or the new enzyme, l-amino acid α-ligase . By using these activities, highly efficient methods for producing dipeptides have been devised. In this review, known functions and occurrence of dipeptides are reviewed first since many readers may not be familiar with dipeptides. Then a few important studies on the biosynthesis of dipeptides are summarized followed by a description of the emerging technologies for dipeptide manufacturing based on the recent findings.

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Acknowledgments

The author sincerely thanks Drs. Akio Ozaki and Makoto Yagasaki for their kind and helpful discussion.

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  1. Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Technical Research Laboratories, 1-1 Kyowa-cho, 747-8522, Hofu-shi, Japan

    Shin-ichi Hashimoto

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Hashimoto, Si. (2006). Occurrence, Biosynthesis, and Biotechnological Production of Dipeptides. In: Wendisch, V.F. (eds) Amino Acid Biosynthesis ~ Pathways, Regulation and Metabolic Engineering. Microbiology Monographs, vol 5. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7171_2006_063

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