Abstract
This introductory chapter discusses the problem of drug resistance and persistent medical biofilm infections, emphasizing the need for alternative approaches to the prevention and treatment of biofilm infections. Such alternative approaches are described in subsequent chapters, culminating with clinical studies that describe treating otherwise untreatable wound infections with the aid of antibiofilm approaches.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adewoye L, Sutherland A, Srikumar R, Poole K (2002) The mexR repressor of the mexAB-oprM multidrug efflux operon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: characterization of mutations compromising activity. J Bacteriol 184:4308–4312
Aendekerk S, Ghysels B, Cornelis P, Baysse C (2002) Characterization of a new efflux pump, MexGHI-OpmD, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that confers resistance to vanadium. Microbiology 148:2371–2381
Allison DG, Gilbert P (1995) Modification by surface association of antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial populations. J Ind Microbiol 15:311–317
Anwar H, Dasgupta MK, Costerton JW (1990) Testing the susceptibility of bacteria in biofilms to antibacterial Agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:2043–2046
Anwar H, van Biesen T, Dasgupta M, Lam K, Costerton JW (1989) Interaction of biofilm bacteria with antibiotics in a novel in vitro chemostat system. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:1824–1826
Appelbaum PC (2006) MRSA—the tip of the iceberg. Clin Microbiol Infect 12(Suppl 2):3–10
Arciola CR, Campoccia D, Gamberini S, Donati ME, Pirini V, Visai L, Speziale P, Montanaro L (2005) Antibiotic resistance in exopolysaccharide-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates from orthopaedic implant infections. Biomaterials 26:6530–6535
Bagge N, Ciofu O, Hentzer M, Campbell JI, Givskov M, Hoiby N (2002) Constitutive high expression of chromosomal beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused by a new insertion sequence (IS1669) located in ampD. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:3406–3411
Beenken KE, Dunman PM, McAleese F, Macapagal D, Murphy E, Projan SJ, Blevins JS, Smeltzer MS (2004) Global gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. J Bacteriol 186:4665–4684
Campanac C, Pineau L, Payard A, Baziard-Mouysset G, Roques C (2002) Interactions between biocide cationic agents and bacterial biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:1469–1474
Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP (1999) Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 284:1318–1322
Costerton JW, Cheng KJ, Geesey GG, Ladd TI, Nickel JC, Dasgupta M, Marrie TJ (1987) Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu Rev Microbiol 41:435–464
Davey ME, O'Toole GA (2000) Microbial biofilms: from ecology to molecular genetics. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 64:847–867
Drenkard E (2003) Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Microbes Infect 5:1213–1219
Drenkard E, Ausubel FM (2002) Pseudomonas biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance are linked to phenotypic variation. Nature 416:740–743
Drews J (2000) Drug discovery: a historical perspective. Science 287:1960–1964
Dunne WM Jr (2002) Bacterial adhesion: seen any good biofilms lately? Clin Microbiol Rev 15:155–166
Eaton KA, Gilbert JV, Joyce EA, Wanken AE, Thevenot T, Baker P, Plaut A, Wright A (2002) In vivo complementation of ureB restores the ability of Helicobacter pylori to colonize. Infect Immun 70:771–778
Elvers KT, Lappin-Scott HM (2000) Biofilms and biofouling, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego
Fleming A (1929) On the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae. Br J Exp Pathol 10:226–236
Gatermann S, Marre R (1989) Cloning and expression of Staphylococcus saprophyticus urease gene sequences in Staphylococcus carnosus and contribution of the enzyme to virulence. Infect Immun 57:2998–3002
Ghuysen JM (1994) Molecular structures of penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases. Trends Microbiol 2:372–380
Hall-Stoodley L, Costerton JW, Stoodley P (2004) Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 2:95–108
Hanaki H, Labischinski H, Inaba Y, Kondo N, Murakami H, Hiramatsu K (1998a) Increase in glutamine-non-amidated muropeptides in the peptidoglycan of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain Mu50. J Antimicrob Chemother 42:315–320
Hanaki H, Kuwahara-Arai K, Boyle-Vavra S, Daum RS, Labischinski H, Hiramatsu K (1998b) Activated cell-wall synthesis is associated with vancomycin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains Mu3 and Mu50. J Antimicrob Chemother 42:199–209
Hancock RE (1998) Resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria. Clin Infect Dis 27(Suppl 1):S93–S99
Hartman BJ, Tomasz A (1984) Low-affinity penicillin-binding protein associated with beta-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 158:513–516
Hauser AR, Sriram P (2005) Severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Tackling the conundrum of drug resistance. Postgrad Med 117:41–48
Hedelin H, Brorson JE, Grenabo L, Pettersson S (1984) Ureaplasma urealyticum and upper urinary tract stones. Br J Urol 56:244–249
Hentzer M, Eberl L, Givskov M (2005) Transcriptome analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development: anaerobic respiration and iron limitation. Biofilms 2:37–61
Hooper DC (2002) Fluoroquinolone resistance among Gram-positive cocci. Lancet Infect Dis 2:530–538
Hoyle BD, Costerton JW (1991) Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: the role of biofilms. Prog Drug Res 37:91–105
Jones BD, Lockatell CV, Johnson DE, Warren JW, Mobley HL (1990) Construction of urease-negative mutant of Proteus mirabilis: analysis of virulence in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection. Infect Immun 58:1120–1123
Kohler T, Epp SF, Curty LK, Pechere JC (1999) Characterization of MexT, the regulator of the MexE-MexF-OprN multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 181:6300–6305
Kohler T, Michea-Hamzehpour M, Henze U, Gotoh N, Curty LK, Pechere JC (1997) Characterization of MexE-MexF-OprN, a positively regulated multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Microbiol 23:345–354
Korem M, Gov Y, Kiran MD, Balaban N (2005) Transcriptional profiling of target of RNAIII-activating protein, a master regulator of staphylococcal virulence. Infect Immun 73:6220–6228
LeChevallier MW, Cawthon CD, Lee RG (1988) Inactivation of biofilm bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 54:2492–2499
Lee A, Mao W, Warren MS, Mistry A, Hoshino K, Okumura R, Ishida H, Lomovskaya O (2000) Interplay between efflux pumps may provide either additive or multiplicative effects on drug resistance. J Bacteriol 182:3142–3150
Lewis K (2001) Riddle of biofilm resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:999–1007
Li YH, Chen YY, Burne RA (2000) Regulation of urease gene expression by Streptococcus salivarius growing in biofilms. Environ Microbiol 2:169–177
Li YH, Lau PC, Lee JH, Ellen RP, Cvitkovitch DG (2001b) Natural genetic transformation of Streptococcus mutans growing in biofilms. J Bacteriol 183:897–908
Ligon JV, Kenny GE (1991) Virulence of ureaplasmal urease for mice. Infect Immun 59:1170–1171
Lowy FD (2003) Antimicrobial resistance: the example of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Invest 111:1265–1273
Mah TF, Pitts B, Pellock B, Walker GC, Stewart PS, O'Toole GA (2003) A genetic basis for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm antibiotic resistance. Nature 426:306–310
Matz C, Bergfeld T, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S (2004) Microcolonies, quorum sensing and cytotoxicity determine the survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms exposed to protozoan grazing. Environ Microbiol 6:218–226
Ng EY, Trucksis M, Hooper DC (1996) Quinolone resistance mutations in topoisomerase IV: relationship to the flqA locus and genetic evidence that topoisomerase IV is the primary target and DNA gyrase is the secondary target of fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40:1881–1888
O'Toole GA, Gibbs KA, Hager PW, Phibbs PV Jr, Kolter R (2000) The global carbon metabolism regulator Crc is a component of a signal transduction pathway required for biofilm development by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 182:425–431
Poole K, Srikumar R (2001) Multidrug efflux in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: components, mechanisms and clinical significance. Curr Top Med Chem 1:59–71
Potera C (1999) Forging a link between biofilms and disease. Science 19:1837–1838
Prigent-Combaret C, Vidal O, Dorel C, Lejeune P (1999) Abiotic surface sensing and biofilm-dependent regulation of gene expression in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 181:5993–6002
Pumbwe L, Piddock LJ (2000) Two efflux systems expressed simultaneously in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44:2861–2864
Sauer K, Camper AK, Ehrlich GD, Costerton JW, Davies DG (2002) Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays multiple phenotypes during development as a biofilm. J Bacteriol 184:1140–1154
Song MD, Wachi M, Doi M, Ishino F, Matsuhashi M (1987) Evolution of an inducible penicillin-target protein in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by gene fusion. FEBS Lett 221:167–171
Stewart PS, Costerton JW (2001) Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet 358:135–138
Stover CK, Pham XQ, Erwin AL, Mizoguchi SD, Warrener P, Hickey MJ, Brinkman FS, Hufnagle WO, Kowalik DJ, Lagrou M, Garber RL, Goltry L, Tolentino E, Westbrock-Wadman S, Yuan Y, Brody LL, Coulter SN, Folger KR, Kas A, Larbig K, Lim R, Smith K, Spencer D, Wong GK, Wu Z, Paulsen IT, Reizer J, Saier MH, Hancock RE, Lory S, Olson MV (2000) Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, an opportunistic pathogen. Nature 406:959–964
Teitzel GM, Parsek MR (2003) Heavy metal resistance of biofilm and planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:2313–2320
Utsui Y, Yokota T (1985) Role of an altered penicillin-binding protein in methicillin- and cephem-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 28:397–403
Whiteley M, Bangera MG, Bumgarner RE, Parsek MR, Teitzel GM, Lory S, Greenberg EP (2001) Gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Nature 413:860–864
Xu KD, McFeters GA, Stewart PS (2000) Biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents. Microbiology 146:547–549
Yoneyama H, Ocaktan A, Tsuda M, Nakae T (1997) The role of mex-gene products in antibiotic extrusion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 233:611–618
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Balaban, N., Ren, D., Givskov, M., Rasmussen, T. (2008). Introduction. In: Balaban, N. (eds) Control of Biofilm Infections by Signal Manipulation. Springer Series on Biofilms, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7142_2007_006
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/7142_2007_006
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-73852-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-73853-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)