Abstract
Over the past decade, it has become evident that multiple endocytic pathways operate in eukaryotic cells, and several of these are dependent on dynamins and dynamin-related proteins (DRPs). Many members of the DRP superfamily possess the ability to self-assemble into long spiral polymers that wrap around lipid bilayers and thus facilitate tubulation and vesicle pinching from the plasma membrane and other membrane compartments, a process that is fundamental for endocytosis. Here, we discuss the roles of dynamins and DRPs in plants. DRPs have been shown to be present at different subcellular locations in plant cells including the cell plate, plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes. Arabidopsis contains 16 DRP members that are grouped into six functional subfamilies (DRP1--6) on the basis of their phylogeny and the presence of functional motifs. Members of the DRP1 subfamily are closest to soybean phragmoplastin and mediate membrane tubulation at the cell plate. The DRP2 subfamily members represent the bona fide plant dynamins characterized by the presence of a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain in the middle of the molecule and a proline-rich (PR) motif near the C-terminus ; they are involved in membrane recycling at the cell plate and the trans-Golgi region. The DRP3 subfamily does not contain PH or PR motifs; their function has been implicated in the division of mitochondria and peroxisomes, whereas the DRP5 subfamily in Arabidopsis is likely to play a role in plastid division. A DRP5 ortholog from the red alga Cyanidioschyzon has recently been shown to be a component of the chloroplast outer division-ring on the cytoplasmic face of the plastid double membrane. Finally, the DRP4 subfamily contains orthologs of the animal antiviral Mx proteins, but their function has not yet been established, and the role of DRP6 is entirely unknown so far. It is obvious that plant cells employ unique DRP subfamilies to carry out the mechanochemical work required for membrane deformation and segregation in various membranous compartments. However, to understand the function of DRPs in further detail, much is yet to be learned about the proteins that apparently interact with them to regulate their activity and specify their functions.
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Verma, D.P.S., Hong, Z., Menzel, D. Dynamin-Related Proteins in Plant Endocytosis. In: Šamaj, J., Baluška, F., Menzel, D. (eds) Plant Endocytosis. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7089_013
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