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Synthesis of β-Lactams and Their Chemical Manipulations Via Microwave-Induced Reactions

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β-Lactams: Unique Structures of Distinction for Novel Molecules

Part of the book series: Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry ((TOPICS,volume 30))

Abstract

The β-lactam derivatives have many medicinal applications. Penicillins and cephalosporins antibiotics and a number of β-lactams have been discovered for the treatment of different medical disorders. As a result of this general trend of β-lactam use, the searches for clinically useful β-lactams will be pursued by many scientists. During the course of our studies on the synthesis of β-lactams and other heterocycles, we have found it convenient to conduct several types of synthetic steps under microwave irradiation. We have developed “microwave-induced organic reaction enhancement (MORE)” chemistry techniques for using nontraditional methods for rapid, safe, and environment-friendly reactions. These reactions are performed in unmodified domestic microwave ovens in a matter of minutes using very limited amounts of high boiling solvents (such as DMF and ethylene glycol) or no solvents if one of the reactants is a suitable liquid. It is not clear whether microwaves alter the transition state parameters of reactions. But, many laboratories (including our own) have reported that microwave-assisted reactions are much faster, comparatively free of by-products and sometimes susceptible to steric control.

Dedicated to Professor Paul Sale, Former Provost and Vice President of Academic Affairs, for his tremendous contribution to BKB’s life and career.

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Abbreviations

Clay:

Montmoriolonile

DMF:

Dimethyl formamide

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

h:

Hour (s)

IC50 :

Cell growth inhibition at 50% concentration

MWI:

Microwave Irradiation

NMR:

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

PAH:

Polyaromatic hydrocarbon

SAR:

Structure–activity relationship

TEA:

Triethylamine

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the funding support from Kleberg Foundation of Texas and NCI to BKB.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA

    Indrani Banik & Bimal K. Banik

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  1. Indrani Banik
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Correspondence to Bimal K. Banik .

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  1. Dept. Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American, W. University Drive 1201, Edinburg, 78539, Texas, USA

    Bimal K. Banik

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Banik, I., Banik, B.K. (2012). Synthesis of β-Lactams and Their Chemical Manipulations Via Microwave-Induced Reactions. In: Banik, B. (eds) β-Lactams: Unique Structures of Distinction for Novel Molecules. Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol 30. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7081_2012_88

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