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Novel Aspects on the Preparation of Spirocyclic and Fused Unusual β-Lactams

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Book cover Heterocyclic Scaffolds I

Part of the book series: Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry ((TOPICS,volume 22))

Abstract

β-Lactam antibiotics have occupied a central role in the fight against pathogenic bacteria and the subsequent rise in quality of life for the world population as a whole. However, the extensive use of common β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins and cephalosporins in medicine has resulted in an increasing number of resistant strains of bacteria through mutation and β-lactamase gene transfer. The resistance of bacteria to the classical β-lactam antibiotics can be overcome, e.g., by using novel β-lactam moieties in drugs, which show much higher stability towards these resistance bacteria. In addition, there are many important nonantibiotic uses of 2-azetidinones in fields ranging from enzyme inhibition to gene activation. These biological activities, combined with the use of these products as starting materials to prepare α- and β-amino acids, alkaloids, heterocycles, taxoids, and other types of compounds of biological and medicinal interest, provide the motivation to explore new methodologies for the synthesis of substances based on the β-lactam core. The aim of this chapter is to provide a survey of the types of reactions used to prepare nonconventional spirocyclic and fused β-lactams, concentrating on the advances that have been made in the last decade, particularly in the last 5 years. We will draw special attention to radical cyclizations, cycloaddition reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Benito Alcaide

  2. Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Pedro Almendros

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  1. Benito Alcaide
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  2. Pedro Almendros
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Correspondence to Benito Alcaide or Pedro Almendros .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American, W. University Drive 1201, Edinburg, 78539, USA

    Bimal K. Banik

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Alcaide, B., Almendros, P. (2010). Novel Aspects on the Preparation of Spirocyclic and Fused Unusual β-Lactams. In: Banik, B. (eds) Heterocyclic Scaffolds I. Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol 22. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/7081_2009_7

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