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Acute and Chronic Effects of Emerging Contaminants

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Emerging Contaminants from Industrial and Municipal Waste

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC5,volume 5S/1))

Abstract

Acute or chronic toxicity profiling represents one of the critical elements for scientifically reliable characterization and prioritization of potentially hazardous contaminants. The very same is true for so-called emerging contaminants, regardless of the definition used in defining various aspects of “emerging”, including substances that belong to new chemical classes, new types of use, new effects, mechanism of action, source, or exposure route. From the (eco)toxicological perspective, however, there are two essential drawbacks which prevent efficient characterization of risk posed to humans and the environment by the presence of emerging contaminants. First is related to the fact that the potential of analytical chemistry to measure contaminants currently exceeds our understanding of their potential environmental effects. Secondly, for most emerging contaminants there is currently little information regarding their potential toxicological significance in ecosystems, particularly the effects from long-term low-level environmental exposures. Based on these facts a brief overview of acute and chronic toxic effects on human and wildlife, reported for various classes of emerging contaminants, is presented in this chapter. The most demanding research unknowns, methodological drawbacks, and priorities will be highlighted, and finally, future strategies needed for efficient (eco)toxicological characterization of emerging contaminants will be suggested.

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  1. Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Tvrtko Smital

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Damià Barceló Mira Petrovic

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Smital, T. (2008). Acute and Chronic Effects of Emerging Contaminants. In: Barceló, D., Petrovic, M. (eds) Emerging Contaminants from Industrial and Municipal Waste. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 5S/1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_5_105

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