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Antifouling Paint Biocides pp 17–50Cite as

Chemistry and Fate of Organotin Antifouling Biocides in the Environment

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Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC5,volume 5O))

Abstract

Organotin antifouling paints are degraded relatively rapidly in seawater mainly by microorganisms, but they have high affinities to sediment and organisms in the sea. The concentrations of tin in seawater have been observed to decrease in many harbors in the world since the ban to use the paints for small vessels came into force, however, in a few areas frequented by large ships, organotin compounds continued to be input onto the surface of the sediment. Therefore, recently, the number of articles on the investigation of depuration of organotin compounds by organisms have increased. For example, pyroverdins, azotochelin and ornibactin obtained from microorganisms such as Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Burkholderia cepacia, and organisms such as dinoflagellates, diatoms, mussel, green algae and chrysophytes are able to depurate organotin compounds of TBT and TPT in seawater. Furthermore, with the help of these depuration technologies, we hope that the marine environment will improve in the world, at least up to the point in time where environmentally friendly best alternative antifouling paints are used routinely for all vessels.

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Abbreviations

DBT:

dibutyltin compounds

DPT:

diphenyltin compounds

IMO:

International Maritime Organization

MBT:

monobutyltin compounds

MEPC:

Maritime Environmental Protection Committee

MPT:

monophenyltin compounds

PVC:

polyvinyl chloride

TBT:

tributyltin compounds

TBTCl:

tributyltin chloride

TBTF:

tributyltin fluoride

TBTO:

tributyltin oxide

TPT:

triphenyltin compounds

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Acknowledgments

I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Sumio Chubachi for reading the full manuscript, which enhanced its accuracy and clarity, and for providing much valuable constructive criticism.

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  1. Omae Research Laboratories, 335-23, Mizuno, Sayama, 350-1317, Saitama, Japan

    Iwao Omae

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Ioannis K. Konstantinou

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Omae, I. Chemistry and Fate of Organotin Antifouling Biocides in the Environment. In: Konstantinou, I.K. (eds) Antifouling Paint Biocides. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 5O. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/698_5_048

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