Abstract
Principal features of the natural chemistry of Caspian Sea waters are assessed: the salt(ionic) composition, dissolved oxygen, active reaction (pH), and nutrients. Their climatic regime and interannual variability are considered on the basis of historical data of ship measurements and expeditionary studies of recent years. It is shown that the natural hydrochemical regime of Caspian Sea waters (especially of its near-mouth areas) is characterized by significant spatial inhomogeneity and interannual variability closely related to interannual variability in the volumes and chemical composition of riverine runoff. An alternation of two types of the natural hydrochemical water regime was established manifested in the multiannual variability in all the characteristics considered, especially in the deep and near-bottom layers of the Caspian Sea. One of these types existed under the conditions of large river discharge at the beginning and at the end of the twentieth century. It was characterized by reduced concentrations of dissolved oxygen (down to the values typical of hypoxy) and elevated nutrient contents. The peak development of the other type was confined to the 1960s–1970s under the lowest river discharge. It was characterized by opposite deep and near-bottom anomalies of the dissolved oxygen (positive anomalies) and nutrient contents (negative anomalies).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Lebedintsev AA (1913) Transactions of the Caspian expedition of 1904. St Petersburg (in Russian)
Knipovich NM (1921) Transactions of the Caspian expedition of 1914–1915. Petrograd (in Russian)
Bruevich SV (1937) Hydrochemistry of the Middle and South Caspian. AN SSSR, Moscow (in Russian)
Abramov BN (1959) Trans VNIRO 38:117
Vinetskaya NI (1962) Trans KaspNIRO 18:4
Pakhomova MV, Zatuchnaya BM (1966) Hydrochemistry of the Caspian Sea. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad (in Russian)
Kosarev AN (1975) Hydrology of the Caspian and Aral seas. Mosk Gos Univ, Moscow (in Russian)
Baidin SS, Kosarev AN(eds) (1986) The Caspian Sea. Hydrology and hydrochemistry. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian)
Terziev FS, Maksimova MP, Yablonskaya EA(eds) (1996) Hydrometeorology and hydrochemistry of the seas, vol 6. The Caspian Sea, issue 2. Hydrodynamical conditions and oceanological background of the formation of the biological productivity. Gidrometeoizdat, St. Petersburg (in Russian)
Sapozhnikov VV (1996) Okeanologiya 36:148 (in Russian)
Skorokhod AI, Tsytsarin AG (1995) Trans GOIN 63 (in Russian)
Skorokhod AI, Tsytsarin AG (1995) Russ Meteorol Hydrol (1):101 (in Russian)
Skorokhod AI, Tsytsarin AG (1996) Russ Meteorol Hydrol (1):76 (in Russian)
Katunin DN, Khripunov IA, Bespartochnyi NP, Nikotina LN, Galushkina NV, Radovanov GV (2000) Caspian Float Univ Sci Bull 1:111 (in Russian)
Sapozhnikov VV, Katunin DN, Bespartochnyi NP, Kirpichev NB, Luk'yanova ON, Metreveli MP (2002) Okeanologiya 42:634 (in Russian)
Sapozhnikov VV, Katunin DN, Kirpichev NB, Luk'yanova ON, Muryi GP, Fesenko VI (2003) Okeanologiya 43:529 (in Russian)
Sapozhnikov VV, Belov AA (2003) Okeanologiya 43:368
Sverdrup H, Johnson M, Fleming R (1942) The Oceans. Their physics, chemistry and general biology. Wiley, New York
Maksimova MP, Katunin DN, Eletskii BD (1978) Okeanologiya 18:454 (in Russian)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Rights and permissions
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tuzhilkin, V.S., Katunin, D.N., Nalbandov, Y.R. Natural Chemistry of Caspian Sea Waters. In: Kostianoy, A.G., Kosarev, A.N. (eds) The Caspian Sea Environment. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 5P. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1007/698_5_005
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_5_005
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-28281-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31505-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)