Abstract
The hydrochemical structure of the White Sea waters in both the pre-vegetation (winter) and summer periods is considered. The distribution of hydrochemical parameters, as affected by physical and biological factors, is shown for both the open deep sea and for the bays. The provision of phytoplankton with nutrients was estimated, and the primary production (PP) values and chlorophyll a content in the waters of the White Sea were measured. On average, phytoplankton synthesized about 1.1 g C/(m2 day). It was determined that the winter supply of nutrients provided about 7% of the annual PP, and the major portion of the PP was created by the vertical flow of nutrients from the underlying layers and the runoff from the rivers, as well as through the regeneration of nutrients during the oxidation of organic matter. The contribution of each of these factors to the annual PP was estimated to be ~33% and ~60%, respectively. Thus, in general, the share of new PP was about 40% of the annual PP. High chlorophyll a content, exceeding 1 μg/l, was observed throughout most of the sea. The obtained results indicate that the White Sea can be regarded as having eutrophic water.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bruevich SV (1952) Essay on the hydrochemistry of the White Sea. Proc GOIN (Gosudarstvennyy okeanograficheskiy institut) 11:114–161 (In Russian)
Bruevich SV (1960) Hydrochemical studies of the White Sea. Proc Inst Oceanol Acad Sci USSR 17:199–254 (In Russian)
Maksimova MP (1991) Primary productivity and environmental factors. Phytopigments. In: Zatuchnaya BM, Gershanovich DE (eds) Hydrometeorology and hydrochemistry of the USSR seas. V. II. White Sea. Issue 2. Hydrochemical conditions and oceanological basis for the formation of bioproductivity. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, pp 94–103 (In Russian)
Sapozhnikov VV (ed) (1991) Handbook of hydrochemistry: fisheries. Agropromizdat, Moscow, 224 pp (In Russian)
Trofimov AV, Golubchik YL (1947) Pre-spring hydrochemical regime of the White Sea. Proc GOIN 113:132–154 (In Russian)
Kosobokova KN, Pantyulin AN, Rakhor A et al. (2004) Complex oceanographic studies in the White Sea in April 2003. Oceanology 44(2):313–320. (In Russian)
Timonov VV (1925) To the question of the hydrological regime of the Inlet of the White Sea. Stud Russ Seas Leningrad 104(1):56 (In Russian)
Solyankin EV, Zozulya SA, Krovnin AS, Maslennikov VV (1994) Thermohaline structure and dynamics of the waters of the White Sea in the summer of 1991. In: Complex studies of the White Sea ecosystem. VNIRO, Moscow, pp 8–25 (In Russian)
Maksimova MP (1983) Comparative hydrochemical characteristics of the rivers of Tersky, Kandalaksha, Karelian, Pomor and Lymitsk coasts of the White Sea. In: Results and prospects of studying the biological resources of the White Sea. ZIN AN USSR, Leningrad, pp 18–30 (In Russian)
Agatova AI, Torgunova NI, Lapina NM, Kirpichev KB (2002) Biohydrochemical basis of productivity of the deep-water part of the White Sea. Oceanology 42(3):370–377 (In Russian)
Redfield AC, Ketchum BH, Richards FA (1963) The influence of organisms on the composition of sea water. Sea N Y 2:26–49
Mordasova NV, Wentzel MV (1994) Peculiarities of distribution of phytopigments and phytoplankton biomass in the White Sea in summer. In: Complex studies of the White Sea ecosystem. VNIRO, Moscow, pp 83–92 (In Russian)
Vinogradov AP (1939) Chemical composition of plankton. In: Proceedings of the Biochemical Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Communication 3 (In Russian)
Sverdrup HU, Johnson MW, Fleming RH (1942) The oceans: their physics, chemistry and general biology. Prentice-Hall, New York, 1084 pp
Bogoyavlensky AN (1966) Distribution and migration of dissolved silicic acid in the oceans. In: Geochemistry of silica. Nauka, Moscow, pp 11–36 (In Russian)
Mordasova NV (1999) Chlorophyll in the White Sea. ICES J Mar Sci 56(Supplement):215–218
Bondarenko MV (1994) Peculiarities of zooplankton distribution of the White Sea in early summer of 1991. In: Complex studies of the White Sea ecosystem. VNIRO, Moscow, pp 92–94 (In Russian)
Maksimova MP, Bondarenko AI (1985) Chlorophyll in the White Sea waters. Oceanology, 25(5):813–818 (In Russian)
Maksimova MP, Leonova EM, Gogolitsin VA (1985) Phytopigments in the White Sea. In: Abstracts of the regional conference on problems of studies, efficient exploitation, and protection of national resources of the White Sea, pp 135–137 (In Russian)
Bobrov YA, Savinov VM (1985) Primary production in the White Sea. In: Abstracts of the regional conference on problems of studies, efficient exploitation, and protection of national resources of the White Sea, pp 85–86 (In Russian)
Bobrov YA (1992) The influence of coastal flow on the formation of the primary production of the White Sea. In: Proceedings of the V Regional conference “problems of studies, efficient exploitation, and protection of national resources of the White Sea”, pp 100–101 (In Russian)
Bobrov YuA, Savinov VМ (1982) Comparative characteristics of primary production of the White and coastal zone of the Barents Sea. In: Increase of productivity and rational use of biological resources of the White Sea. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad, pp 29–31 (In Russian)
Korsak MN (1977) Primary production in various areas of the White Sea. Hydrobiol J 13(14):13–15 (In Russian)
Maksimova MP (1985) Primary productivity of the White Sea and its determining factors (main components method). In: Abstracts of the regional conference on problems of studies, efficient exploitation, and protection of national resources of the White Sea, pp 134–135 (In Russian)
Fedorov VD, Zhitina LS, Korsak MN, Belaya TI (1980) Distribution of biomass and phytoplankton production in the White Sea Basin. Biol Sci 11(2):72–75 (In Russian)
Naletova IA, Sapozhnikov VV, Metreveli MP (1994) Product-destructive processes in the White Sea. In: Complex studies of the White Sea ecosystem. VNIRO, Moscow, pp 76–83 (In Russian)
Fedorov VD, Korsak MN, Bobrov YA (1974) Some results of the study of phytoplankton primary production of the White Sea. Hydrobiol J 10 (5): 9–14 (In Russian)
Bobrov YA, Maksimova MP, Savinov V М (1995) Phytoplankton primary production. The White Sea. Biological resourses and problems of their rational use, vol 1. ZIN RAS, St. Petersburg, pp 92–114 (In Russian)
Berger VY (2007) Production potential of the White Sea. In: Studies of the fauna of the seas, vol 60(68). ZIN RAS, St. Petersburg, p 292 (In Russian)
Troshkov VA (2010) Estimation of seasonal and long-term variability of the productivity of the White Sea pelagic. In: The problem of studying, rational use and protection of the natural resources of the White Sea. ZIN RAS, St. Petersburg, pp 190–191
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sapozhnikov, V.V., Arzhanova, N.V., Mordasova, N.V. (2018). Hydrochemistry and Production-Destruction Processes in the White Sea. In: Lisitsyn, A., Gordeev, V. (eds) Biogeochemistry of the Atmosphere, Ice and Water of the White Sea. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 81. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2018_302
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2018_302
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05149-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05150-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)