Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Conventional Water Resources and Agriculture in Egypt pp 277–316Cite as

Evaluation of Water Resources Qualities for Agriculture Irrigation in Abu Madi Area, Northern Middle Nile Delta

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 74))

Abstract

Twenty-six samples were collected from the shallow and the deep groundwater and surface water (agricultural drains and irrigation canal) to evaluate the water quality in Abu Madi area, middle Nile Delta. Irrigation water quality parameters were classified into individual parameters and integrated parameters. Salinity, sodium chloride MH, RSC, pH, and alkalinity hazards are considered as individual parameters. The integrated parameters include Welcox’s classification, US Salinity Laboratory Staff classifications, and irrigation water quality (IQW) index. Twelve samples of the deep groundwater, two samples of the shallow groundwater, and two samples of the surface water have salinity hazards. Regarding sodium hazards, Na%, SAR, and Kelley’s index calculated values mostly showed hazardous effect; however, RSC and PI values did not show hazardous effect. All the collected water samples except sample 2 have undesirable chloride concentrations (<200 mg/l) and are mostly characterized by cation–anion exchange reaction. Most of the collected samples have unsuitable MH values, corrosive CR values, alkaline pH values, and slight to moderate carbonate alkalinity hazards. The collected water samples are mostly situated in IQW moderate suitability range for irrigation and very satisfactory to satisfactory for all classes of livestock and poultry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Wilcox LV (1955) Classification and use of the irrigation waters. U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 969, Washington, District of Columbia, 19 p

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ayers S, Westcost W (1985) Water quality for agriculture, FAO irrigation and drainage paper. Food Agriculture Organization, Rome, p 29

    Google Scholar 

  3. Evangelou VP (1998) Environmental soil and water chemistry, Wiley, New York, NY, USA, ISBN: 0-471-16515-8

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bohn HL, McNeal BL, Connor GA (2001) Soil chemistry, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, 320 p

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ray M, Barman S, Khan S (1989) Heavy metal accumulation in rice plants: adaptation to environmental stress and consequent public health risks. Plants and pollutants in developed and developing countries. University Press, Bornova-IZMIR

    Google Scholar 

  6. Farid ATM, Roy KC, Hossain KM, Sen R (2003) A study of arsenic contaminated irrigation water and its carried over effect on vegetable. In: Ahmed MF, Ali MA, Adeel Z (eds) Fate of arsenic in the environment. BUET and UNU, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp 113–120

    Google Scholar 

  7. Mapanda F, Mangwayana EN, Nyamangara J, Giller KE (2005) The effect of long-term irrigation using wastewater on heavy metal contents of soils under vegetables in Harare, Zimbabwe. Agric Ecosyst Environ 107(2):151–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Crook J (1996) Water reclamation and reuse. In: Mays LW (ed) Water resources handbook. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 21.1–21.36

    Google Scholar 

  9. Taha AA, El Mahmoudi AS, El-Hadda IM (2003) Evaluation of the water quality in new communities South East the Nile Delta, Egypt. Emirates J Eng Res 8(2):51–67

    Google Scholar 

  10. El Arabi N, Idris Y, Fekry A (2013) Temporal and spatial change detection of variations in the groundwater composition by multivariate statistical techniques. N Y Sci J 6(11):38–48

    Google Scholar 

  11. Idris YA (2013) A GIS-based spatial classification technique to identify the groundwater quality and type classes. J Am Sci 9(12):100–109

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mogren S, Shehata M (2012) Groundwater vulnerability and risk mapping of the quaternary aquifer system in the Northeastern part of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Int Res J Geol Min (2276–6618) 2(7):161–173

    Google Scholar 

  13. Agrama AA, El-Sayed EA (2013) Assessing and mapping water quality (case study: Western Delta-Egypt). Int Water Technol J 3(3):158–169

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hassan J (2014) A Geostatistical approach for mapping groundwater quality (case study:Tehsil Sheikhupura). Int J Sci Res 3(4):239–245

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sharaky AM, Atta SA, El Hassanein AS, Khallaf KMA (2007) Hydrogeochemistry of groundwater in the Western Nile Delta aquifers, Egypt. In: Proceedings of 2007 ICGT conference, Cairo University, 19–21 Mar 2007

    Google Scholar 

  16. Armanuos AM, Negm A, Saavedra OC (2016) Groundwater quality investigation using multivariate analysis: case study: western Nile Delta aquifer, Egypt. Int J Environ Sc Dev 7(1):1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Armanuos AM, Negm A, Saavedra OC (2015) Groundwater quality investigation using water quality index and ArcGIS: case study: western Nile Delta aquifer, Egypt, IWTC 18, 12–14 March 2015. Sharm El shaeikh, Egypt

    Google Scholar 

  18. Negm AM, Asaad M (2017) GIS-based spatial distribution of groundwater quality in the Western Nile Delta, Egypt. In: Negm AM (ed),The Nile Delta, Hdb Env Chem 55:89–120. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_66, © Springer International Publishing, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  19. Salem ZE, Elsaiedy G, ElNahrawy A (2017) Assessment of the groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Central Nile Delta Region, Egypt. In: The handbook of environmental chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  20. Salem ZE, Elsaiedy G, ElNahrawy A (2017) Hydrogeochemistry and quality assessment of groundwater under some Central Nile Delta Villages, Egypt. In: The handbook of environmental chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  21. Geriesh MH, EL-Rayes AE (2001) Municipal contamination of shallow groundwater beneath south Ismailia villages. 5th international conference on geochemistry. Alex. Univ., Egypt, pp 241–253. Accessed 12–13 Sept

    Google Scholar 

  22. Emara MM, El Sabagh I, Kotb A, Turkey AS, Husseen D (2007) Evaluation of drinking groundwater for the rural areas adjacent to the nearby desert of Giza Governorate of greater Cairo, Egypt. In: Linkov I, Kiker GA, Wenning RJ (eds) Environmental security in harbors and coastal areas. NATO security through science series (series C: environmental security). Springer, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  23. Salem ZE (2009) Natural and human impacts on the groundwater under an Egyptian village, central Nile Delta – a case study of Mehallet Menouf. Thirteenth international water technology conference (IWTC 13), vol 3. Hurghada, Egypt, pp 1397–1414. 12–15 Mar 2009

    Google Scholar 

  24. Salem ZE, Al Temamy AM, Salah MK, Kassab M (2016) Origin and characteristics of brackish groundwater in Abu Madi coastal area, Northern Nile Delta, Egypt. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 178:21–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Diab MS, Saleh MF (1982) The hydrogeochemistry of the pleistocene aquifer, Nile Delta Area, Egypt. Environmental International, Alex, USA, pp 75–85

    Google Scholar 

  26. Elshinnawy IA, Abayazid HO (2011) Vulnerability assessment of climate change impact on groundwater salinity in the Nile Delta coastal region, Egypt. Coast Eng Pract:422–435

    Google Scholar 

  27. Javadi AA, Abd-Elhamid HF, Sherif MM (2013) Numerical modelling and control of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. In: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  28. Abdelaty IM, Abd-Elhamid HF, Fahmy MR, Abdelaal GM (2014) Investigation of some potential parameters and their impacts on saltwater intrusion in Nile Delta aquifer. J Eng Sci 42(4):931–955

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hashish HA, El-Ghandour HA, El-Nimr AA (2014) Simulating the effects of spatial layout and pumping/recharging rates of wells on saltwater intrusion. Int Water Tech J IWTJ 4(3):152–166

    Google Scholar 

  30. Nofal ER, Amer MA, El-Didy SM, Fekry AM (2015) Sea water intrusion in Nile Delta in perspective of new configuration of the aquifer heterogeneity using the recent stratigraphy data. J Am Sci 11(6):281–292. ISSN: 1545-1003

    Google Scholar 

  31. Nofal ER, Fekry AM, El-Didy SM (2014) Adaptation to the impact of sea level rise in the Nile Delta coastal zone. Egypt J Am Sci 10(9):17–29. ISSN: 1545-1003

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ebraheem AM, Senosy MM, Dahab KA (1997) Geoelectrical and hydrogeochemical studies for delineating ground-water contamination due to saltwater intrusion in the northern part of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Ground Water 35(2):216–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. RIGW (1992) Hydrogeological map of Nile Delta, Scale 1:500,000. 1st edn. Nile Delta Research Institute for Groundwater, Kanater El Khairia, Egypt

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wilson J, Townley LR, Sa Da Costa A (1979) Mathematical Development and Verification of a Finite Element Aquifer Flow Model AQUIFEM-1, Technology Adaptation Program, Report No. 79-2, M.I.T., Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  35. Diab MS, Dahab K, El Fakharany M (1997) Impacts of the paleohydrological conditions on the groundwater quality in the northern part of Nile Delta. The geological society of Egypt. J Geol 4112B:779–795. Cairo

    Google Scholar 

  36. Hach (1990) Chemical procedures explained. Hach Technical Center for Applied Analytical Chemistry, Colorado, USA, p 48

    Google Scholar 

  37. Tiwari N, Manzoor A (1988) River pollution in Kathmandu valley (Nepal), suitability of river water for irrigation. Indian J Environ Protect 8:269–274

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Wilcox V (1948) The quality of water for irrigation use. US Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  39. Richards A (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Hand Book

    Google Scholar 

  40. Doneen D (1954) Salination of soil by salts in the irrigation water. Am Geophys Union Trans 35:943–950

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kelly P (1940) Permissible composition and concentration of irrigation waters. Proc Am Soc Civ Eng 66:607–613

    Google Scholar 

  42. Paliwal V (1967) Effect of gypsum application on the quality of irrigation waters. Madras Agric J 59:646–647

    Google Scholar 

  43. Szabolcs I, Darab C (1964) The influence of irrigation water of high sodium carbonate content on soil. In: Szabolics I (ed) Proceedings of the 8th international congress soil science, sodic soils. Res Inst Soil Sci, Agric Chem, Hungarian Acad Sci, ISSS Trans II, pp 802–812

    Google Scholar 

  44. Schoeller H (1967) Geochemistry of ground water. An international guide for research and practice, vol 15. UNESCO, Paris, pp 1–18

    Google Scholar 

  45. WHO (World Health Organizations) (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality. 4th edn. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2011/dwq_guidelines/en/index.html

  46. Jain K, Kumar P, Sharma K (2003) Ground water qualities of ghataprabha command area Karnataka. Indian J Environ Ecoplann 7:251–262

    Google Scholar 

  47. Todd DK, Mays LW (2004) Groundwater hydrology. 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, 656 p

    Google Scholar 

  48. Kelly WP (1963) Use of saline irrigation water. Soil Sci 95(4):355–391

    Google Scholar 

  49. Taylor GG, Oza MM (1954) Geology and groundwater of Dudhia Area, Eastern Kutch (India). Geol Surv Ind Bull B 5:75

    Google Scholar 

  50. Horton RK (1965) An index number system for rating water quality. J Water Pollut Control Fed 37:300–306

    Google Scholar 

  51. National Academy of Sciences (1972) Water quality criteria. A report of the Committee on Water Quality Criteria, Environmental Studies Board, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

    Zenhom E. Salem & Moamena Kassab

  2. Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

    Ayman M. Al Temamy

  3. Department of Geology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Mohamed K. Salah

Authors
  1. Zenhom E. Salem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ayman M. Al Temamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohamed K. Salah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Moamena Kassab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zenhom E. Salem .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Abdelazim M. Negm

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Salem, Z.E., Temamy, A.M.A., Salah, M.K., Kassab, M. (2018). Evaluation of Water Resources Qualities for Agriculture Irrigation in Abu Madi Area, Northern Middle Nile Delta. In: Negm, A.M. (eds) Conventional Water Resources and Agriculture in Egypt. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 74. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2018_273

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation