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Separation and Characterization of NOM Intermediates Along AOP Oxidation

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Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Drinking Water Treatment

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 67))

Abstract

Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water treatment systems has been a matter of thorough study in recent years. NOM affects organoleptic properties of water and causes membrane fouling; it may act as energy source for microorganisms in distribution systems and leads to the formation of undesired disinfection by-products through its interaction with chlorine. Currently the role played by advanced oxidation processes in the removal of NOM has gained great interest; understanding the composition and behaviour of NOM throughout such a kind of processes may allow to get significant insight in order to improve efficiency. In this chapter the main techniques useful for characterization are described, and their use to investigate the changes undergone by NOM throughout several AOPs has been reviewed.

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Abbreviations

AMW:

Apparent molecular weight distribution

AOPs:

Advanced oxidation processes

BA:

Benzoic acid

CAS:

Conventional activated sludge

C-DBPs:

Carbonaceous disinfection by-products

CDOM:

Coloured dissolved organic matter

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DOC:

Dissolved organic carbon (mg C/L)

DOM:

Dissolved organic matter

DPBs:

Disinfection by-products

ESI-FT-ICR-MS:

Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

FA:

Fulvic acids

FEEM:

Fluorescence excitation/emission matrix

FFA:

Furfuryl alcohol

FT-IR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

HA:

Humic acids

HAAs:

Haloacetic acids

HMW:

High molecular weight

HPI:

Hydrophilic fraction

HPI-A:

Hydrophilic acids

HPI-B:

Hydrophilic bases

HPI-N:

Hydrophilic neutrals

HPO:

Hydrophobic fraction

HPO-A:

Hydrophobic acids

HPO-B:

Hydrophobic bases

HPO-N:

Hydrophobic neutrals

HS:

Humic substances

LC-OCD:

Liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection

LC-SEC:

Size-exclusion liquid chromatography

LC-UVD:

Liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection

LMW:

Low molecular weight

MBR:

Membrane biological reactor

Mt:

Montmorillonite

MTBE:

Methyl tert-butyl ether

MW:

Molecular weight

N-DBPs:

Nitrogenous disinfection by-products

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

NOM:

Natural organic matter

NPOC:

Non-purgeable organic carbon

OCD:

Organic carbon detector

PCU:

Platinum-cobalt units

PFBHA:

Pentafluorobenzyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride

PS:

Persulphate

PSS:

Polystyrene sulphonate

RCSs:

Reactive chlorine species

RID:

Refractive index detector

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RP:

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography

RT:

Room temperature

SEC:

Size-exclusion chromatography

SHA:

Slightly hydrophobic acid fraction

SUVA:

Specific UV absorbance (L/mg m)

THMs:

Trihalomethanes

TOC:

Total organic carbon (mg C/L)

TPI:

Transphilic fraction

US:

Ultrasound

UV:

Ultraviolet

UV254 :

UV absorbance at 254 nm (m−1)

UVD:

Ultraviolet detector

UV-Vis:

Ultraviolet visible

VHA:

Very hydrophobic acid fraction

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from CWPO Project for Enhanced Drinking Water in Nariño (BPIN 2014000100020), CT&I Fund of SGR, Colombia, is kindly acknowledged. MAV and AG thank the support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (projects MAT2013-47811-C2-R and MAT2016-78863-C2-R). AMG also gratefully thanks PhD scholarship granted by Nariño Department (BPIN 2013000100092) and Managed by CEIBA Foundation, Colombia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Investigación en Materiales Funcionales y Catálisis (GIMFC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia

    Ana-María García & Luis Alejandro Galeano

  2. Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia – UdeA, Medellín, Colombia

    Ana-María García & Ricardo A. Torres-Palma

  3. GIR-QUESCAT, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

    Miguel Ángel Vicente

  4. Departamento de Química Aplicada, Edificio de los Acebos, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    Antonio Gil

Authors
  1. Ana-María García
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  2. Ricardo A. Torres-Palma
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  3. Luis Alejandro Galeano
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  4. Miguel Ángel Vicente
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  5. Antonio Gil
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ricardo A. Torres-Palma .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain

    Antonio Gil

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Nariño, Pasto, NARIÑO, Colombia

    Luis Alejandro Galeano

  3. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain

    Miguel Ángel Vicente

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García, AM., Torres-Palma, R.A., Galeano, L.A., Vicente, M.Á., Gil, A. (2017). Separation and Characterization of NOM Intermediates Along AOP Oxidation. In: Gil, A., Galeano, L., Vicente, M. (eds) Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Drinking Water Treatment. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 67. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_128

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