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Water Quality Assessment of Aswan High Dam Reservoir

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The Nile River

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 56))

Abstract

Egypt is highly dependent on the River Nile as the main source of freshwater. The Aswan High Dam (AHD) was constructed to control the River Nile. AHD reservoir was formed due to the construction of the dam; it is considered as one of the largest man-made lakes in the world. There is currently rising awareness regarding the water quality status of River Nile and in particular the AHD reservoir, the sole reservoir in Egypt. In this work, a comparative study to assess the water quality and trophic state of the southern part of AHD reservoir, Lake Nubia, has been done during low flood periods of 3 successive years (2006–2008). Two water quality indices (NSF WQI and CCME WQI) and two trophic status indices (Carlson TSI and LAWA TI) were used. The results show that the water quality status of Lake Nubia ranges from excellent (according to the Egyptian water quality standards for surface fresh waterways) to good, while the trophic status of the reservoir is eutrophic. A spatial change in results can be noticed due to the morphological and hydrological characteristics of the reservoir. It is recommended that the reservoirs’ different zones should be assigned to different water uses based on comprehensive water quality studies.

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Abbreviations

AHD:

Aswan High Dam

APHA:

American Public Health Association

BCM:

Billion cubic meter

CCME:

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment

Chl-a:

Chlorophyll a (mg/L)

DO:

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)

DOsat :

Dissolved oxygen saturation concentration (mg/L)

LAWA:

Länderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser (German Regional Working Group on Water)

MWRI:

Egyptian Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation

NH4 :

Ammonium (mg/L)

NO2 :

Nitrite (mg/L)

NO3 :

Nitrate (mg/L)

NSF:

National Sanitation Foundation

OECD:

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

pH:

Potential of hydrogen (unit)

PO4 :

Orthophosphate (mg/L)

St. n:

Station number n

T:

Temperature (°C)

TDS:

Total dissolved solids (mg/L)

TI:

Trophic level

TN:

Total nitrogen (mg/L)

TP:

Total phosphorus (mg/L)

TSI:

Trophic status index

TSS:

Total suspended solids (mg/L)

WQI:

Water quality index

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Acknowledgements

This research work was modified after the PhD work of the corresponding author. This PhD work was funded by the Egyptian government and conducted at the Leischtweiss Institute for Hydraulics and Water Resources (LWI), TU-Braunschweig, Germany. Providing the field data for this study by Nile Research Institute (NRI) and National Water Research Center (NWRC), Egypt, was greatly appreciated. The authors extremely thank the reviewers for their hard work to improve the quality of this chapter.

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  1. Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

    M. Elshemy

  2. Leichtweiss-Institute for Hydraulics and Water Resources (LWI), University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

    G. Meon

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    Abdelazim M. Negm

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Elshemy, M., Meon, G. (2016). Water Quality Assessment of Aswan High Dam Reservoir. In: Negm, A. (eds) The Nile River. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 56. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_96

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