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Trend Assessment for Groundwater Pollutants: A Brief Review and Some Remarks

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Experiences from Ground, Coastal and Transitional Water Quality Monitoring

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 43))

Abstract

Groundwater is a valuable natural resource that needs to be assessed and protected. The European Union (EU) adopted new water legislation that includes the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Groundwater Daughter Directive (GWD). Both require the identification of sustained increasing pollution trends and their reversal. This is the second pillar of the WFD: such trends have to be identified for any pollutants that result in groundwater being characterized as at risk of not meeting the environmental objectives. Measuring these trends is necessary to determine and understand whether changes in land use, fertilizer application, pollution history, or climate change are affecting groundwater quality. However, in many cases, groundwater data series may not meet minimum requirements for classical statistical procedures employed in trend assessment: among other obstacles, data may be sparse, with missing or extreme values, censored data, seasonal effects, and autocorrelation. The aim of this chapter is to present and review several statistical methodologies that have been proposed and applied in recent years to deal with groundwater trend assessment, discussing the relative advantages and disadvantages of each one.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Statistics - Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Francesc Oliva, Esteban Vegas & Sergi Civit

  2. Catalan Water Agency, Provença, 204-208, 08036, Barcelona, Spain

    Teresa Garrido, Josep Fraile & Antoni Munné

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  1. Francesc Oliva
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Correspondence to Francesc Oliva .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Quality and Monitori, Catalan Water Agency (ACA), Barcelona, Spain

    Antoni Munné

  2. Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain

    Antoni Ginebreda

  3. Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain

    Narcís Prat

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Oliva, F., Vegas, E., Civit, S., Garrido, T., Fraile, J., Munné, A. (2015). Trend Assessment for Groundwater Pollutants: A Brief Review and Some Remarks. In: Munné, A., Ginebreda, A., Prat, N. (eds) Experiences from Ground, Coastal and Transitional Water Quality Monitoring. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 43. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2015_407

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