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Conventional and New Processes for Urban Wastewater Disinfection: Effect on Emerging and Resistant Microorganisms

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Advanced Treatment Technologies for Urban Wastewater Reuse

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 45))

Abstract

The continuous release of chemical and microbiological pollutants into the environment and the increasing demand for safe water call for effective water and wastewater treatment processes. In particular, the detection of resistant microorganisms (e.g. antibiotic-resistant bacteria) in the effluents of urban wastewater treatment plants disposed into surface water or reused (e.g. in crop irrigation) shows that conventional treatments and disinfection processes do not effectively control the spread of pathogens into the environment. There is a need for new and more effective disinfection processes and technologies. The aim of this chapter is to briefly describe some of the emerging and antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms detected in wastewater, as well as the conventional and new advanced available technologies for wastewater disinfection, and to evaluate and discuss their effect on these microorganisms. Moreover, regulations and policies on wastewater reuse are also critically discussed and compared.

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Abbreviations

AOP:

Advanced oxidation process

ARB:

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria

ARG:

Antibiotic-resistant gene

HAV:

Hepatitis A virus

HEV:

Hepatitis E virus

NDT:

N-doped TiO2

USEPA:

US Environmental Protection Agency

WHO:

World Health Organisation

WWTP:

Urban wastewater treatment plant

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Acknowledgements

Giovanna Ferro wishes to thank the University of Salerno for funding the projects “Trattamento avanzato di acque reflue urbane mediante fotocatalisi: effetto sui batteri resistenti agli antibiotici.” (Ex 60%, anno 2012) and the funding of the European Commission under the SFERA grant (Solar Facilities for the European Research Area project. Contract no. 228296). PFI and MIPL wish to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the financial support under the WATER4CROP project (reference: CTQ2014-54563-C3-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Italy

    G. Ferro

  2. Plataforma Solar de Almería (CIEMAT), Carretera Senés, km 4., 04200, Tabernas, (Almería), Spain

    M. I. Polo-López & P. Fernández-Ibáñez

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  1. G. Ferro
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  2. M. I. Polo-López
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  3. P. Fernández-Ibáñez
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Correspondence to P. Fernández-Ibáñez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Despo Fatta-Kassinos

  2. Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Dionysios D. Dionysiou

  3. Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Klaus Kümmerer

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Ferro, G., Polo-López, M.I., Fernández-Ibáñez, P. (2015). Conventional and New Processes for Urban Wastewater Disinfection: Effect on Emerging and Resistant Microorganisms. In: Fatta-Kassinos, D., Dionysiou, D., Kümmerer, K. (eds) Advanced Treatment Technologies for Urban Wastewater Reuse . The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 45. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2015_390

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