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Constructed Wetlands Integrated with Advanced Oxidation Processes in Wastewater Treatment for Reuse

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Advanced Treatment Technologies for Urban Wastewater Reuse

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 45))

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Abstract

The development of integrated systems for wastewater treatment has been investigated in recent years not only for the improvement of control parameters but also to allow the routine reuse of wastewater to be effectively implemented. Several studies also seek to add processes that may reuse by-products, energy, and unit operations in a single integrated remediation unit. Considering the sustainability scenario, all these processes should be designed and controlled with description of scope, mass inventory, and energy demand in order to establish indexes of environmental pressure. Classical publications of books and articles for wastewater treatment have already described to more than 10 years several procedures and standards for reuse (direct or indirect), segregation at source, required treatment levels, groundwater recharge, combination of remediation processes, logistics, and sanitation. In this case, further investigation to decentralized systems, such as reed bed filters, with reduced costs of implementation and operation is required, as well as the simplicity of units to be installed. This tendency of integrated phytoremediation systems supports the growing interest for the combination of a system already considered classic in wastewater treatment, the constructed wetlands (CWs), with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), particularly the photocatalysis with direct or indirect use of solar energy. Because of its already reported disinfection and detoxification potentials which might enable the reuse of urban wastewaters for some specific purposes, the photocatalytic treatment was selected for a study of case. So, this chapter covers the phenological aspects of a macrophyte still little used in phytoremediation, the Hymenachne grumosa; the evolution of the combined use of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket systems (UASB) + CWs; and the integration of the processes UASB + CWs + UV /TiO2/O3 with indirect use of solar energy in photoreactors designed for these studies.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the support provided by the financial support from FAPERGS-Project PqG 02/11(11/1476-9) and CNPq (481620/2013-3). Also, authors want to thank CAPES for the scholarship granted. Carlos Alexandre Lutterbeck thanks the Brazilian “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico” (CNPq) for their financial support (Grant Nr. 290136/2011-3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Environmental Technology, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul – UNISC, Avenida Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, CEP 96815-900, RS, Brazil

    Ê. L. Machado, A. M. Lourenço, L. T. Kist, R. C. S. Schneider, D. Kern, E. A. A. Lobo, D. D. Silveira, T. B. Horn & F. V. Zerwes

  2. Faculty of Sustainability Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry (ISEC), Lüneburg, Germany

    C. A. Lutterbeck

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  1. Ê. L. Machado
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  2. A. M. Lourenço
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  3. L. T. Kist
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  4. R. C. S. Schneider
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  5. D. Kern
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  6. E. A. A. Lobo
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  7. C. A. Lutterbeck
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  8. D. D. Silveira
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  9. T. B. Horn
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  10. F. V. Zerwes
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Correspondence to Ê. L. Machado .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Despo Fatta-Kassinos

  2. Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Dionysios D. Dionysiou

  3. Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Klaus Kümmerer

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Machado, Ê.L. et al. (2015). Constructed Wetlands Integrated with Advanced Oxidation Processes in Wastewater Treatment for Reuse. In: Fatta-Kassinos, D., Dionysiou, D., Kümmerer, K. (eds) Advanced Treatment Technologies for Urban Wastewater Reuse . The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 45. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2015_372

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