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Advanced Treatment Technologies for Urban Wastewater Reuse pp 145–169Cite as

Advanced Technologies for Emerging Contaminants Removal in Urban Wastewater

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Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 45))

Abstract

Human health can be adversely affected through lack of access to drinking water, inadequate sanitation, consumption of contaminated freshwater and seafood, and exposure to contaminated bathing water. For example, bioaccumulation of persistent organic contaminants may raise health concerns in vulnerable population groups. The wide range of “contaminants of emerging concern” present in European waters is a growing environmental and human concern. These substances are used in pharmaceuticals, personal care, and other consumer products, and their adverse effects have only recently become apparent. Understanding of their sources, emissions, levels, and effects in the aquatic environment is also limited. In this chapter, we review the advanced technologies recently investigated for the successful elimination of such contaminants present in urban municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents. An overview on the microcontaminants’ behavior throughout conventional and advanced biological systems is also presented, stressing the important buffer effect of their adsorption on supported biofilm. It has been also stressed that combination of membrane filtration technologies and biological treatment avoids secondary clarification and tertiary steps. The use of membranes for wastewater treatment has rapidly increased in the last years due to the exceptional high-quality standards typically for reusing purposes given. Finally, advanced chemical and biological oxidation technologies must be efficient not only in removing microcontaminants but also pathogens and microorganisms from treated water for reusing applications. For instance, the elimination of antibiotics which may lead to proliferation of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic or nonpathogenic microorganisms must be a target jointly with contaminants of emerging concern removal from treated water.

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Abbreviations

AOPs:

Advanced oxidation processes

APCAs:

Aminopolycarboxylic acids

AR:

Antibiotic resistance

ARB:

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria

CAS:

Conventional activated sludge

CEC:

Contaminants of emerging concern

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DOC:

Dissolved organic carbon

EDDS:

Ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EEA:

European environment agency

EU:

European union

FBBR:

Fixed-bed biofilm reactor

HA:

Humic acids

HS:

Humic substances

LCA:

Life cycle assessment

MBR:

Membrane bioreactor

MDR:

Multidrug resistant

MF:

Microfiltration

MT:

Membrane technology

MTBE:

Methyl-t-butyl ether

MWWTP:

Municipal wastewater treatment plant

NF:

Nanofiltration

NOM:

Natural dissolved organic matter

OPEX:

Operating expenditures

PDBEs:

Polybrominated diphenylethers

PPCPs:

Personal care products

RO:

Reverse osmosis

SBR:

Sequential biomass reactor

TN:

Total nitrogen

UF:

Ultrafiltration

UWWTPs:

Urban wastewater treatment plants

WTPs:

Wastewater treatment plants

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the financial support under the AQUAFOTOX (reference CTQ2012-38754-C03-01) and AQUASUN project (reference CTM2011-29143-C03-03).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plataforma Solar de Almería (CIEMAT), Carretera Senés, km 4, 04200, Tabernas, Almería, Spain

    Isabel Oller, Inmaculada Polo-López, Sara Miralles-Cuevas, Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez & Sixto Malato

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  1. Isabel Oller
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  2. Inmaculada Polo-López
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  3. Sara Miralles-Cuevas
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Correspondence to Isabel Oller .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Despo Fatta-Kassinos

  2. Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Dionysios D. Dionysiou

  3. Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Klaus Kümmerer

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Oller, I., Polo-López, I., Miralles-Cuevas, S., Fernández-Ibáñez, P., Malato, S. (2014). Advanced Technologies for Emerging Contaminants Removal in Urban Wastewater. In: Fatta-Kassinos, D., Dionysiou, D., Kümmerer, K. (eds) Advanced Treatment Technologies for Urban Wastewater Reuse . The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 45. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2014_319

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