Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of Personal Care Products in Sediments and Soils

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 36))

Abstract

Sample extraction and preparation methods are described for the most relevant groups of personal care products (PCPs) (disinfectants, fragrances, preservatives, UV filters and stabilisers) in solid samples from aquatic environments. The extraction methodologies have been separated into two groups, conventional and novel procedures, to compare the improvements and advantages implemented in recent years to produce more efficient and simple methods. The difficulties related to the treatment of solid samples and to complex matrices are discussed in depth. The analytical methods employed after the extraction procedures, all of which are based on mass spectrometry detection, are also covered. Finally, an overview of the measured concentration of these families of PCPs in the environment is provided, which can be useful in the establishment of future trends.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

1H-BT:

1H benzotriazole

2,2′,4,4′OH-BP:

2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone

2,2′OH-4MeO-BP:

2,2′-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone

2,4,6-TCP:

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

2,4-DCP:

2,4-Dichlorophenol

2,4OH-BP:

2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone

2OH-4MeO-BP:

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone

4-MBC:

4-Methylbenzylidene camphor

4OH-BP:

4-Hydroxybenzophenone

5Me-1H-BT:

5-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole

ABDI:

Celestolide or 4-acetyl-1,1-dimethyl-6-tert-butylindan

AHMI:

Phantolide or 6-acetyl-1,1,2,3,3,5-hexamethylindan

AHTN:

Tonalide or 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6–hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene

Allyl-bzt:

2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methyl-6-(2-propen-1-yl)-phenol

ATII:

Traseolide or 5-acetyl-1,1,2,6-tetramethyl-3-isopropylindan

BH:

Benzhydrol

BP:

Benzophenone

BP-3:

Benzophenone-3

BSTFA:

N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide

BuP:

Butylparaben

BZP:

Benzophenone

BzP:

Benzylparaben

BZS:

2-Hydroxy-phenylmethyl ester benzoic acid

DHB:

2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone

DHMB:

2,2′-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone

DPMI:

Cashmeran or 1,2,3,5,6,7-Hexahydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4H-inden-4-one

EHMC:

Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate

EHS:

Ethylhexyl salicylate

etocrylene; EC:

Ethyl2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

EtP:

Ethylparaben

HBP:

4-Hydroxybenzophenone

HepP:

Heptylparaben

HHCB:

Galaxolid or 1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyran

HMB:

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone

HMS:

Homosalate

IAMC:

Isoamyl methoxycinnamate

iPrP:

Isopropylparaben)

MeP:

Methylparaben

MK:

Musk ketone or 4-tert-butyl-3,5-dinitro-2,6-dimethylacetophenone

MTBSTFA:

N-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide

MX:

Musk xylene or 1-tert-butyl-3,5-di-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

n-PrP:

n-Propylparaben

Octocrylene; OC:

2′-Ehylhexyl2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate

Octyl Salicylate; OS:

2-Ethylhexyl-2-hydroxybenzoate

ODPABA:

Ethylhexyldimethyl p-aminobenzoate

PrP:

Propylparaben

TBHPBT:

2-(5-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole

THB:

2,3,4-Trihydroxylbenzophenone

UV-120:

2,4-Di-t-butylphenyl-3,5-Di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

UV-1577:

2-(4,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5-[(hexyl) oxy]-phenol

UV-234:

2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)phenol

UV-320:

2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol

UV-326:

2-(5-Chloro-2-benzotriazolyl)-6-tert-butyl-p-cresol

UV-327:

2,4-Di-t-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol

UV-328:

2-(2′-Hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-amylphenyl) benzotriazole

UV-329:

2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol

UV-360:

2-(Benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-[[3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]-4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol

UV-571:

2-(Benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-dodecyl-4-methylphenol

UV-P:

2-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole

References

  1. Ternes TA, Joss A, Siegrist H (2004) Scrutinizing pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Technol 38:392–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wille K, De Brabander HF, De Wulf E, Van Caeter P, Janssen CR, Vanhaecke L (2012) Coupled chromatographic and mass-spectrometric techniques for the analysis of emerging pollutantsin the aquatic environment. Trends Anal Chem 35:87–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Sosa-Ferrera Z, Mahugo-Santana C, Santana-Rodríguez JJ (2013) Analytical methodologies for the determination of endocrine disrupting compounds in biological and environmental samples. Biomed Res Int. doi:10.1155/2013/674838

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kronimus A, Schwarzbauer J, Dsikowitzky L, Heim S, Littke R (2004) Anthropogenic organic contaminants in sediments of the Lippe river, Germany. Water Res 38:3473–3484

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhao JL, Ying GG, Liu YS, Chen F, Yang JF, Wang L (2010) Occurrence and risks of triclosan and triclocarban in the Pearl River system. J Hazard Mater 179:215–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Chen ZF, Ying GG, Lai HJ, Chen F, Su HC, Liu HS, Peng FQ, Zhao JL (2012) Determination of biocides in different environmental matrices by use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 404:3175–3188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Peck AM (2006) Analytical methods for the determination of persistent ingredients of personal care products in environmental matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 386:907–939

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zeng X, Mai B, Sheng G, Lou X, Shao W, An T, Fu J (2008) Distribution of polycyclic musks in surface sediments from the Pearl River Delta and Macao coastal region, South China. Environ Toxicol Chem 27:18–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Núñez L, Tadeo JL, García-Valcárcel AI, Turiel E (2008) Determination of parabens in environmental solid samples by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1214:178–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Núñez L, Turiel E, Martin-Esteban A, Tadeo JL (2010) Molecularly imprinted polymer for the extraction of parabens from environmental solid samples prior to their determination by high performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection. Talanta 80:1782–1788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Liao C, Lee S, Moon HB, Yamashita N, Kannan K (2013) Parabens in sediment and sewage sludge from the United States, Japan, and Korea: Spatial distribution and temporal trends. Environ Sci Technol 47:10895–10902

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jeon HK, Chung Y, Ryu JC (2006) Simultaneous determination of benzophenone-type UV filters in water and soil by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1131:192–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sánchez-Brunete C, Miguel E, Albero B, Tadeo JL (2011) Analysis of salicylate and benzophenone-type UV filters in soils and sediments by simultaneous extraction cleanup and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1218:4291–4298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kameda Y, Kimura K, Miyazaki M (2011) Occurrence and profiles of organic sun-blocking agents in surface waters and sediments in Japanese rivers and lakes. Environ Pollut 159:1570–1576

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang Z, Ren N, Li Y, Kunisue T, Gao D, Kannan K (2011) Determination of benzotriazole and benzophenone UV Filters in sediment and sewage sludge. Environ Sci Technol 45:3909–3916

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Nakata H, Murata S, Filatreau J (2009) Occurrence and concentrations of benzotriazole UV stabilizers in marine organisms and sediments from the Ariake Sea, Japan. Environ Sci Technol 43:6920–6926

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Guo JH, Li HX, Cao HL, Li Y, Wang XZ, Xu XB (2009) Determination of triclosan, triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in aqueous samples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with rapid liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1216:3038–3043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Brausch JM, Rand GM (2011) A review of personal care products in the aquatic environment: Environmental concentrations and toxicity. Chemosphere 82:1518–1532

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Schramm KW, Kaune A, Beck B, Thumm W, Behechti A, Kettrup A, Nickolova P (1996) Acute toxicities of five nitromusk compounds in Daphnia, algae and photoluminescent bacteria. Water Res 30:2247–2250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Balk F, Ford RA (1999) Environmental risk assessment for the polycyclic musks, AHTN and HHCB II. Effect assessment and risk characterization. Toxicol Lett 111:81–94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Buchberger WW (2011) Current approaches to trace analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment. J Chromatogr A 1218:603–618

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bester K (2009) Analysis of musk fragrances in environmental samples. J Chromatogr A 1216:470–480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pietrogrande MC, Basaglia G (2007) GC–MS analytical methods for the determination of personal-care products in water matrices. Trends Anal Chem 26:1086–1094

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Díaz-Cruz MS, Barceló D (2009) Chemical analysis and ecotoxicological effects of organic UV-absorbing compounds in aquatic ecosystems. Trends Anal Chem 28:708–717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Vega-Morales T, Sosa Ferrera Z, Santana Rodríguez JJ (2013) Extraction and determination methodologies for benzotriazole UV stabilizers in personal-care products in environmental and biological samples. Trends Anal Chem 51:23–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Camel V (2001) Recent extraction techniques for solid matrices-supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction: their potential and pitfalls. Analyst 126:1182–1193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Zuloaga O, Navarro P, Bizkarguenaga E, Iparraguirre A, Vallejo A, Olivares M, Prieto A (2012) Overview of extraction, clean-up and detection techniques for the determination of organic pollutants in sewage sludge: a review. Anal Chim Acta 736:7–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ (2013) Microwave assisted extraction combined with on-line solid phase extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry determination of benzotriazole UV stabilisers in marine sediments and sewage sludges. J Sep Sci 36:781–787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Peck AM, Hornbuckleb KC (2004) Synthetic musk fragrances in lake Michigan. Environ Sci Technol 38:367–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Schwarzbauer J, Littke R, Weigelt V (2000) Identification of specific organic contaminants for estimating the contribution of the Elbe river to the pollution of the German Bight. Organ Geochem 31:1713–1731

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Tadeo JL, Sánchez-Brunete C, Albero B, García-Valcárcel AI, Pérez RA (2012) Analysis of emerging organic contaminants in environmental solid samples. Cent Eur J Chem 10:480–520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Agüera A, Fernández-Alba AR, Piedra L, Mézcua M, Gómez MJ (2003) Evaluation of triclosan and biphenylol in marine sediments and urban wastewaters by pressurized liquid extraction and solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 480:193–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Morales S, Canosa P, Rodríguez I, Rubí E, Cela R (2005) Microwave assisted extraction followed by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of triclosan and two related chlorophenols in sludge and sediments. J Chromatogr A 1082:128–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Morales-Muñoz S, Luque-García JL, Ramos MJ, Martínez-Bueno MJ, Luque de Castro MD (2005) Sequential automated focused microwave-assisted soxhlet extraction of compounds with different polarity from marine sediments prior to gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection. Chromatographia 62:69–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Morales-Muñoz S, Luque-García JL, Ramos MJ, Fernández-Alba A, Luque de Castro MD (2005) Sequential superheated liquid extraction of pesticides, pharmaceutical and personal care products with different polarity from marine sediments followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry detection. Anal Chim Acta 552:50–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Rice SL, Mitra S (2007) Microwave-assisted solvent extraction of solid matrices and subsequent detection of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 589:125–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Burkhardt MR, ReVello RC, Smith SG, Zaugg SD (2005) Pressurized liquid extraction using water/isopropanol coupled with solid-phase extraction cleanup for industrial and anthropogenic waste-indicator compounds in sediment. Anal Chim Acta 534:89–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Casas-Ferreira AM, Möder M, Fernández-Laespada ME (2011) Stir bar sorptive extraction of parabens, triclosan and methyl triclosan from soil, sediment and sludge with in situ derivatization and determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1218:3837–3844

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. González-Mariño I, Rodríguez I, Quintana JB, Cela R (2010) Matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of triclosan and methyl triclosan in sludge and sediments. Anal Bioanal Chem 398:2289–2297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Wu SF, Ding WH (2010) Fast determination of synthetic polycyclic musks in sewage sludge and sediments by microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chrom A 1217:2776–2781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Delgado B, Pino V, Anderson JL, Ayala JH, Afonso AM, González V (2012) An in-situ extraction–preconcentration method using ionic liquid-based surfactants for the determination of organic contaminants contained in marine sediments. Talanta 99:972–983

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Rodil R, Moeder M (2008) Development of a simultaneous pressurised-liquid extraction and clean-up procedure for the determination of UV filters in sediments. Anal Chim Acta 612:152–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Carpinteiro I, Abuín B, Ramil M, Rodríguez I, Cela R (2012) Matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of benzotriazole UV absorbers in sediments. Anal Bioanal Chem 402:519–527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Carabias-Martínez R, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Revilla-Ruiz P, Hernández-Méndez J (2005) Pressurized liquid extraction in the analysis of food and biological samples. J Chromatogr A 1089:1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Dabrowski L, Giergielewicz-Mozajska H, Biziuk M, Gaca J, Namiésnik J (2002) Some aspects of the analysis of environmen- tal pollutants in sediments using pressurized liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 957:59–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Chienthavorn O, Poonsukcharoen T, Pathrakorn T (2011) Pressurized liquid and superheated water extraction of active constituents from zingiber cassumunar roxb. rhizome. Sep Sci Technol 46:616–624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Pérez-Serradilla JA, Japón-Luján R, Luque de Castro MD (2008) Static–dynamic sequential superheated liquid extraction of phenols and fatty acids from alperujo. Anal Bioanal Chem 392:1241–1248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Pedrouzo M, Borrull F, Marcé RM, Pocurull E (2011) Analytical methods for personal-care products in environmental waters. Trends Anal Chem 30:749–760

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wick A, Fink G, Ternes TA (2010) Comparison of electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for multi-residue analysis of biocides, UV-filters and benzothiazoles in aqueous matrices and activated sludge by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1217:2088–2103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Blair BD, Crago JP, Hedman CJ, Klaper RD (2013) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern. Chemosphere 93:2116–2123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Angelov T, Vlasenko A, Tashkov W (2008) HPLC determination of pKa of parabens and investigation on their lipophilicity parameters. J Liquid Chromatogr Rel Technol 31:188–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ (2012) On-line solid-phase extraction coupled to ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection for the determination of benzotriazole UV stabilizers in coastal marine and wastewater samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 403:867–876

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Toro-Moreno D, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ (2013) Development of a sensitive determination method for benzotriazole UV stabilizers in enviromental water samples with stir bar sorption extraction and liquid desorption prior to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tándem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 36:2168–2175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Ruan T, Liu R, Fu Q, Wang T, Wang Y, Song S, Wang P, Teng M, Jiang G (2012) Concentrations and composition profiles of benzotriazole UV stabilizers in municipal sewage sludge in China. Environ Sci Technol 46:2071–2079

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Blair BD, Crago JP, Hedman CJ, Treguer RJF, Magruder C, Royer LS, Klaper RD (2013) Evaluation of a model for the removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and hormones from wastewater. Sci Total Environ 444:515–521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. USEPA (2007) Method 1694: pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water, soil, sediment, and biosolids by HPLC/MS/MS. United Stated Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  57. Annesley TM (2003) Ion suppression in mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 49:1041–1044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kim JW, Isobe T, Ramaswamy BR, Chang KH, Amano A, Miller TM, Siringan FP, Tanabe S (2011) Contamination and bioaccumulation of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in fish from Manila Bay, the Philippines using an ultrafast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 85:751–758

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Reemtsma T (2003) LC-MS and strategies for trace-level analysis of polar organic pollutants. J Chromatogr A 1000:477–501

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Creaser CS, Stygall JW (1993) Particle beam liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: instrumentation and applications. A review Analyst 118:1467–1480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Glish GL, Vachet RW (2003) The basics of mass spectrometry in the twenty-first century. Nat Rev 2:140–149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

    Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda, Tanausú Vega-Morales, Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera & José Juan Santana-Rodríguez

Authors
  1. Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tanausú Vega-Morales
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to José Juan Santana-Rodríguez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain

    M. Silvia Díaz‐Cruz

  2. Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain

    Damià Barceló

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., Vega-Morales, T., Sosa-Ferrera, Z., Santana-Rodríguez, J.J. (2014). Analysis of Personal Care Products in Sediments and Soils. In: Díaz‐Cruz, M., Barceló, D. (eds) Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 36. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2014_264

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation