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Environmental Photochemistry Part III pp 45–86Cite as

Photocatalytic Splitting of Water

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Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 35))

Abstract

The use of photocatalysis for the photosplitting of water to generate hydrogen and oxygen has gained interest as a method for the conversion and storage of solar energy. The application of photocatalysis through catalyst engineering, mechanistic studies and photoreactor development has highlighted the potential of this technology, with the number of publications significantly increasing in the past few decades. In 1972 Fujishima and Honda described a photoelectrochemical system capable of generating H2 and O2 using thin-film TiO2. Since this publication, a diverse range of catalysts and platforms have been deployed, along with a varying range of photoreactors coupled with photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic technology. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of photocatalytic technology applied to overall H2O splitting. An insight into the electronic and geometric structure of catalysts is given based upon the one- and two-step photocatalyst systems. One-step photocatalysts are discussed based upon their d0 and d10 electron configuration and core metal ion including transition metal oxides, typical metal oxides and metal nitrides. The two-step approach, referred to as the Z-scheme, is discussed as an alternative approach to the traditional one-step mechanism, and the potential of the system to utilise visible and solar irradiation. In addition to this the mechanistic procedure of H2O splitting is reviewed to provide the reader with a detailed understanding of the process. Finally, the development of photoreactors and reactor properties are discussed with a view towards the photoelectrochemical splitting of H2O.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IDEAS, Institute for Innovation, Design and Sustainability Research, CREE, Centre for Research in Energy and the Environment, School of Engineering, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7QB, UK

    Nathan Skillen, Cathy McCullagh & Morgan Adams

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  1. Nathan Skillen
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  2. Cathy McCullagh
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  3. Morgan Adams
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Correspondence to Nathan Skillen .

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  1. Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Detlef W. Bahnemann

  2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Enginee, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

    Peter K.J. Robertson

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Skillen, N., McCullagh, C., Adams, M. (2014). Photocatalytic Splitting of Water. In: Bahnemann, D., Robertson, P. (eds) Environmental Photochemistry Part III. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 35. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2014_261

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