Skip to main content

Pertussis: Identification, Prevention and Control

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pertussis Infection and Vaccines

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AMIDPH,volume 1183))

Abstract

Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease. Despite the high vaccination coverage among children, pertussis is considered a re-emerging disease for which identification, prevention and control strategies need to be improved. To control pertussis it is important to maintain a high vaccination coverage to protect the age groups considered at high risk for the disease. Laboratory confirmation of Bordetella pertussis infection together with a differential diagnostic test for other Bordetellae are prerequisite for a correct and timely diagnosis of pertussis. Moreover, investigations of antimicrobial susceptibility and whole genome sequencing may permit to monitor the circulation of antimicrobials resistant and/or vaccine-escape strains. Finally, the preventive framework should no longer consider pertussis exclusively as a childhood infectious disease, since adults may play a role in transmission events.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Altunaiji S, Kukuruzovic R, Curtis N, Massie J (2007) Antibiotics for whooping cough (pertussis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD004404

    Google Scholar 

  • Australian Government Department of Health (2015) Communicable Disease Network of Australia. CDNA national guidelines for public health units: pertussis [website]. Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra. http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cdna-song-pertussis.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkoff AM, Mertsola J, Pierard D, Dalby T, Hoegh SV, Guillot S, Stefanelli P, van Gent M, Berbers G, Vestrheim DF, Greve-Isdahl M, Wehlin L, Ljungman M, Fry NK, Markey K, Auranen K, He Q (2018) Surveillance of circulating Bordetella pertussis strains in Europe during 1998 to 2015. J Clin Microbiol 56(5). pii: e01998-17

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkoff AM, Mertsola J, Pierard D, Dalby T, Hoegh SV, Guillot S, Stefanelli P, van Gent M, Berbers G, Vestrheim D, Greve-Isdahl M, Wehlin L, Ljungman M, Fry NK, Markey K, He Q (2019) Pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis isolates: evidence of increased circulation in Europe, 1998 to 2015. Euro Surveill 24(7). https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.7.1700832

  • Bartkus JM, Juni BA, Ehresmann K, Miller CA, Sanden GN, Cassiday PK et al (2003) Identification of a mutation associated with erythromycin resistance in Bordetella pertussis: implications for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. J Clin Microbiol 41:1167–1172

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bordet J, Gengou O (1906) Le microbe de la coqueluche. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 20:48–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Brinig MM, Register KB, Ackermann MR, Relman DA (2006) Genomic features of Bordetella parapertussis clades with distinct host species specificity. Genome Biol 7:R81

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burdin N, Handy LK, Plotkin SA (2017) What is wrong with pertussis vaccine immunity? The problem of waning effectiveness of pertussis vaccines. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 9(12):pii: a029454

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell H, Gupta S, Dolan GP, Kapadia SJ, Kumar Singh A, Andrews N, Amirthalingam G (2018) Review of vaccination in pregnancy to prevent pertussis in early infancy. J Med Microbiol 67(10):1426–1456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1994) Erythromycin-resistant Bordetella pertussis—Yuma County, Arizona, May–October 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 43:807–810

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011) Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 60:1424–1426

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2013) Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in pregnant women-Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 62:131–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherry JD (1996) Historical review of pertussis and the classical vaccine. J Infect Dis 174:259–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cherry JD, Brunell PA, Golden GS, Karzon DT (1988) Report of the task force on pertussis and pertussis immunization—1988. Pediatrics 81:939–984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/945 of 22 June 2018 on the communicable diseases and related special health issues to be covered by epidemiological surveillance as well as relevant case definitions

    Google Scholar 

  • Englund JA, Anderson EL, Reed GF, Decker MD, Edwards KM et al (1995) The effect of maternal antibody on the serologic response and the incidence of adverse reactions after primary immunization with acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Pediatrics 96:580–584

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (2012a) Guidance and protocol for the use of realtime PCR in laboratory diagnosis of human infection with Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella parapertussis. https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/Guidance-protocol-PCR-laboratory-diagnosis-bordatella-pertussis-parapertussis.pdf

  • European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (2012b) Guidance and protocol for the serological diagnosis of human infection with Bordetella pertussis. https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/bordetella-pertussis-guidance-protocol-serological-diagnosis.pdf

  • Faucette AN, Pawlitz MD, Pei B, Yao F, Chen K (2015) Immunization of pregnant women: future of early infant protection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 11(11):2549–2555

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fedele G, Leone P, Bellino S, Schiavoni I, Pavia C, Lazzarotto T, Stefanelli P (2018) Diagnostic performance of commercial serological assays measuring Bordetella pertussis IgG antibodies. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 90(3):157–162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fry NK, Duncan J, Wagner K, Tzivra O, Doshi N, Litt DJ, Crowcroft N, Miller E, George RC, Harrison TG (2009) Role of PCR in the diagnosis of pertussis infection in infants: 5 years’ experience of provision of a same-day real-time PCR service in England and Wales from 2002 to 2007. J Med Microbiol 58:1023–1029

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gkentzi D, Katsakiori P, Marangos M, Hsia Y, Amirthalingam G, Heath PT, Ladhani S (2017) Maternal vaccination against pertussis: a systematic review of the recent literature. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 102(5):F456–F463

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guillot S, Descours G, Gillet Y, Etienne J, Floret D, Guiso N (2012) Macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis infection in newborn girl, France. Emerg Infect Dis 18:966–968

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Guillot S, Guiso N, Riffelmann M, Wirsing Von König CH (2014) Laboratory manual for the diagnosis of whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis/Bordetella parapertussis, update 2014. World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Guiso N, Hegerle N (2014) Other Bordetellas, lessons for and from pertussis vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 13(9):1125–1133

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halperin SA, Langley JM, Ye L, MacKinnon-Cameron D, Elsherif M, Allen VM, Smith B, Halperin BA, McNeil SA, Vanderkooi OG, Dwinnell S, Wilson RD, Tapiero B, Boucher M, Le Saux N, Gruslin A, Vaudry W, Chandra S, Dobson S, Money D (2018) A randomized controlled trial of the safety and immunogenicity of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine immunization during pregnancy and subsequent infant immune response. Clin Infect Dis 67(7):1063–1071

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hara M, Fukuoka M, Tashiro K et al (2015) Pertussis outbreak in university students and evaluation of acellular pertussis vaccine effectiveness in Japan. BMC Infect Dis 15:45

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hegerle N, Guiso N (2014) Bordetella pertussis and pertactin-deficient clinical isolates: lessons for pertussis vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 13(9):1135–1146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kilgore PE, Salim AM, Zervos MJ, Schmitt HJ (2016) Pertussis: microbiology, disease, treatment, and prevention. Clin Microbiol Rev 29:449–486

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Koepke R, Eickhoff JC, Ayele RA et al (2014) Estimating the effectiveness of tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) for preventing pertussis: evidence of rapidly waning immunity and difference in effectiveness by Tdap brand. J Infect Dis 210(6):942–953

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Le Coustumier A, Njamkepo E, Cattoir V, Guillot S (2011) Guiso N. Bordetella petrii infection with long-lasting persistence in human. Emerg Infect Dis 17(4):612–618

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee AD, Cassiday PK, Pawloski LC, Tatti KM, Martin MD, Briere EC, Lucia Tondella M, Martin SW (2018) Clinical evaluation and validation of laboratory methods for the diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infection: culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and anti-pertussis toxin IgG serology (IgG-PT). PLoS One 13:e0195979

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinón-Torres F, Heininger U, Thomson A, Wirsing von König CH (2018) Controlling pertussis: how can we do it? A focus on immunization. Expert Rev Vaccines 17(4):289–297

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattoo S, Cherry JD (2005) Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella subspecies. Clin Microbiol Rev 18:326–382

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute for Communicable Diseases (2017) Pertussis: NICD recommendations for diagnosis, management and public health response. National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg. http://www.nicd.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Guidelines_pertussis_v1_20-December-2017_Final.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Niewiesk S (2014) Maternal antibodies: clinical significance, mechanism of interference with immune responses, and possible vaccination strategies. Front Immunol 5:446

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandolfi E1, Gesualdo F, Carloni E, Villani A, Midulla F, Carsetti R, Stefanelli P, Fedele G, Tozzi AE (2017) Pertussis study group. Does breastfeeding protect young infants from pertussis? Case-control study and immunologic evaluation. Pediatr Infect Dis J 36(3):e48–e53

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Piano Nazionale Prevenzione Vaccinale, PNPV 2017–2019. http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_2571_allegato.pdf

  • Pittet LF, Posfay-Barbe KM (2015) Bordetella holmesii infection: current knowledge and a vision for future research. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther 13(8):965–971

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plotkin SA, Gilbert PB (2012) Nomenclature for immune correlates of protection after vaccination. Clin Infect Dis 54:1615–1617

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Porter JF, Connor K, Donachie W (1994) Isolation and characterization of Bordetella parapertussis-like bacteria from ovine lungs. Microbiology 140(Pt 2):255–261

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Public Health England (2018) Guidelines for the public health management of pertussis in England. Public Health England, London. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/576061/Guidelines_for_the_Public_Health_Management_of_Pertussis_in_England.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice TF, Diavatopoulos DA, Smits GP, van Gageldonk PGM, Berbers GAM, van der Klis FR, Vamvakas G, Donaldson B, Bouqueau M, Holder B, Kampmann B (2019) Antibody responses to Bordetella pertussis and other childhood vaccines in infants born to mothers who received pertussis vaccine in pregnancy – a prospective, observational cohort study from the United Kingdom. Clin Exp Immunol. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Safarchi A, Octavia S, Luu LD, Tay CY, Sintchenko V, Wood N, Marshall H, McIntyre P, Lan R (2015) Pertactin negative Bordetella pertussis demonstrates higher fitness under vaccine selection pressure in a mixed infection model. Vaccine 33(46):6277–6281

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saul N, Wang K, Bag S, Baldwin H, Alexander K, Chandra M, Thomas J, Quinn H, Sheppeard V, Conaty S (2018) Effectiveness of maternal pertussis vaccination in preventing infection and disease in infants: The NSW Public Health Network case-control study. Vaccine 36:1887–1892

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seng P, Drancourt M, Gouriet F, La Scola B, Fournier PE et al (2009) Ongoing revolution in bacteriology: routine identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clin Infect Dis 49(4):543–551

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheikh S, Biundo E, Courcier S, Damm O, Launay O, Maes E, Marcos C, Matthews S, Meijer C, Poscia A, Postma M, Saka O, Szucs T, Begg N (2018) A report on the status of vaccination in Europe. Vaccine 36(33):4979–4992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stefanelli P, Gabriele B, Paola V, Tozzi AE, Fabio M, Rita C, Giorgio F, Alberto V, Carlo C, and The Pertussis Study Group (2017) Severe pertussis infection in infants less than 6 months of age: clinical manifestations and molecular characterization. Hum Vaccin Immunother 13(5):1073–1077

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari T, Murphy TV, Moran J (2005) Recommended antimicrobial agents for the treatment and postexposure prophylaxis of pertussis: 2005 CDC Guidelines. MMWR Recomm Rep 54:1–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vizzotti C, Neyro S, Katz N, Juárez MV, Perez Carrega ME et al (2015) Maternal immunization in Argentina: a storyline from the prospective of a middle income country. Vaccine 33:6413–6419

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Cui Z, Li Y, Hou T, Liu X, Xi Y et al (2014) High prevalence of erythromycin-resistant Bordetella pertussis in Xi’an, China. Clin Microbiol Infect 20:O825–O830

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weigand MR, Peng Y, Loparev V, Batra D, Bowden KE, Burroughs M, Cassiday PK, Davis JK, Johnson T, Juieng P, Knipe K, Mathis MH, Pruitt AM, Rowe L, Sheth M, Tondella ML, Williams MM (2017) The history of Bordetella pertussis genome evolution includes structural rearrangement. J Bacteriol 199(8):pii: e00806-16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woolfrey BF, Moody JA (1991) Human infections associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica. Clin Microbiol Rev 4(3):243–245

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) Pocket book for hospital care of children: guidelines for the management of common childhood illnesses, 2nd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/81170/1/9789241548373_eng.pdf?ua=1

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) Vaccine preventable diseases surveillance standards. Pertussis. Last updated September 5, 2018. https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/standards/en/

  • Zeddeman A, van Gent M, Heuvelman CJ, van der Heide HG, Bart MJ, Advani A, Hallander HO, Wirsing von Konig CH, Riffelman M, Storsaeter J, Vestrheim DF, Dalby T, Krogfelt KA, Fry NK, Barkoff AM, Mertsola J, He Q, Mooi F (2014) Investigations into the emergence of pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis isolates in six European countries, 1996 to 2012. Euro Surveill 19(33):pii: 20881

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zintgraff J, Irazu L, Lara CS, Rodriguez M, Santos M (2018) The classical Bordetella species and MALDI-TOF technology: a brief experience. J Med Microbiol 67(12):1737–1742

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paola Stefanelli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Stefanelli, P. (2019). Pertussis: Identification, Prevention and Control. In: Fedele, G., Ausiello, C. (eds) Pertussis Infection and Vaccines. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1183. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2019_408

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics