Abstract
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a widely utilized method for evaluating the gene expressions in stem cell research. This method enables researchers to obtain fast and precise results, but the accuracy of the data depends on certain factors, such as those associated with biological sample preparation and PCR efficiency. In order to achieve accurate and reliable results, it is of utmost importance to designate the reference genes, the expressions of which are suitable to all kinds of experimental conditions. Hence it is vital to normalize the qRT-PCR data by using the reference genes. In recent years, it has been found that the expression levels of reference genes widely used in stem cell research present a substantial amount of variation and are not necessarily suitable for normalization. This chapter at hand stresses the significance of selecting suitable reference genes from the point view of human stem cell research.
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Abbreviations
- 18S rRNA:
-
18S Ribosomal RNA
- 2-D:
-
Two-dimensional
- 3-D:
-
Three-dimensional
- 3′UTR:
-
3′ untranslated region of the genes
- ACTB:
-
Actin beta
- ALAS1:
-
5′-Aminolevulinate synthase 1
- ASCs:
-
Adipose stem cells
- B2M:
-
Beta-2-microglobulin
- BM-MSCs:
-
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- CAPN10:
-
Calpain 10
- CASC3:
-
Cancer susceptibility 3
- CCDC108:
-
Cilia and flagella associated protein 65
- CSCs:
-
Cancer stem cells
- EF1α:
-
Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1
- EID2:
-
EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 2
- ESCs:
-
Embryonic stem cells
- FBXL12:
-
F-Box and leucine rich repeat protein 12
- fMSCs:
-
Fetal tissue-derived MSCs
- GADD45A:
-
Growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha
- GAPDH:
-
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GSCs:
-
Gingival stem cells
- GUSB:
-
Glucuronidase beta
- h:
-
Human
- HMBS:
-
Hydroxymethylbilane synthase
- HPRT1:
-
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1
- HSCs:
-
Hematopoietic stem cells
- IPO8:
-
Importin 8
- iPSCs:
-
Induced pluripotent stem cells
- LTB4R2:
-
Leukotriene B4 receptor 2
- MIAMI:
-
Marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible
- MSCs:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells
- NUBP1:
-
Nucleotide binding protein 1
- PCR:
-
Polymerase chain reaction
- PGK:
-
Phosphoglycerate kinase
- PPIA:
-
Peptidylprolyl isomerase A
- PUM1:
-
Pumilio RNA binding family member 1
- qRT-PCR:
-
Quantitative real-time PCR
- RABEP2:
-
Rabaptin, RAB GTPase binding effector protein 2
- RNF7:
-
Ring finger protein 7
- RPL13A:
-
Ribosomal protein L13a
- RPL19:
-
Ribosomal protein 19
- RPLP0:
-
Ribosomal protein lateral stalk subunit P0
- RPS18:
-
Ribosomal protein S18
- SDHA:
-
Succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A
- SLC4A1AP:
-
Solute carrier family 4 member 1 adaptor protein
- SRP72:
-
Signal recognition particle 72
- TBP:
-
TATA-box binding protein
- TFRC:
-
Transferrin receptor
- TNFRSF13C:
-
TNF receptor superfamily member 13C
- UBC:
-
Ubiquitin
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor A-165
- YWHAZ:
-
Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta
- ZNF324B:
-
Zinc finger protein 324B
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Competing Interests
Y.M.E. is the founder and director of Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc. (Ankara, Turkey). The authors declare no competing interests in relation to this article.
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Ayanoğlu, F.B., Elçin, A.E., Elçin, Y.M. (2018). Selection of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Normalization in Human Stem Cell Research. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 4. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1119. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_277
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