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Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Neurogenesis

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Stem Cells: Biology and Engineering

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((ICRRM,volume 1083))

Abstract

Recent advances in regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy are bringing promising perspectives for the use of stem cells in clinical trials. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of multilineage differentiation and available in numerous sources in the human body. Dental pulp constitutes an attractive source of these cells since collecting mesenchymal stem cells from this site is a noninvasive procedure which can be done following a common surgical extraction of supernumerary or wisdom teeth. Thus tissue sacrifice is very low and several cytotypes can be obtained owing to these cells’ multipotency, in addition to the fact that they can be cryopreserved and stored for long periods. Mesenchymal stem cells have high proliferation rates making them favorable for clinical application. These multipotent cells present in a biological waste constitute an appropriate support in the management of many neurological disorders. After a brief overview on the different types of dental stem cells, this chapter will focus on the characteristics of dental pulp stem cells, their handling and applications in neural tissue engineering, as well as neural induction protocols leading to their potential therapeutic use in the management of neurological diseases.

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Abbreviations

a-MEM:

Minimum essential medium, alpha modification

ATRA:

All-trans retinoic acid

BMMSCs:

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

DFPCs:

Dental follicle progenitor cells

DFSCs:

Dental follicle stem cells

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DSCs:

Dental stem cells

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

MAP 2:

Microtubule-associated protein 2

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NSE:

Neuron-specific enolase

PDLSCs:

Periodontal ligament stem cells

rMSCs:

Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

SCAP:

Stem cells from apical papilla

SHED:

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

TNC:

Tenascin C

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The authors declare no conflicts of interest in relation to this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Ibrahim Mortada

  2. Lebanese University School of Dentistry, Beirut, Lebanon

    Rola Mortada & Mohamad Al Bazzal

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  1. Ibrahim Mortada
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  2. Rola Mortada
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  3. Mohamad Al Bazzal
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Correspondence to Ibrahim Mortada .

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  1. Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Phuc Van Pham

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Mortada, I., Mortada, R., Al Bazzal, M. (2017). Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Neurogenesis. In: Van Pham, P. (eds) Stem Cells: Biology and Engineering. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1083. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2017_71

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