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Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Review

  • Paulina MiłkowskaEmail author
  • Katarzyna Popko
  • Urszula Demkow
  • Tomasz Wolańczyk
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB, volume 1021)

Abstract

Cytokines are a large group of small proteins which play a significant role in cell signaling and regulate a variety of processes in organisms, including proliferation and differentiation of many cells, mediation in defense reactions and regulation of hematopoiesis. Cytokines can be divided into those with pro- and those with anti-inflammatory properties. In the group of pro-inflammatory cytokines the most important are: IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. Pro-inflammatory cytokines might be involved in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric conditions in adults, but their role in children and adolescents is less clear. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines in children and adolescents.

Keywords

Adolescents Anorexia nervosa Bipolar disorder Children Cytokines Depression Inflammation Posttraumatic stress disorder Psychosis 
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Notes

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest in relation to this article.

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Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Paulina Miłkowska
    • 1
    Email author
  • Katarzyna Popko
    • 2
  • Urszula Demkow
    • 2
  • Tomasz Wolańczyk
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Child PsychiatryWarsaw Medical UniversityWarsawPoland
  2. 2.Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental AgeWarsaw Medical UniversityWarsawPoland

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