The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Adipogenic Differentiation

de Villiers, Danielle; Potgieter, Marnie; Ambele, Melvin A.; Adam, Ladislaus; Durandt, Chrisna; Pepper, Michael S.

doi:10.1007/5584_2017_119

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Adipogenic Differentiation

Danielle de Villiers⁷,
Marnie Potgieter^7,8,
Melvin A. Ambele^7,9,
Ladislaus Adam⁷,
Chrisna Durandt⁷ &
…
Michael S. Pepper⁷

Conference paper
First Online: 15 November 2017

2037 Accesses
27 Citations
1 Altmetric

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((ICRRM,volume 1083))

Abstract

Interest in reactive oxygen species and adipocyte differentiation/adipose tissue function is steadily increasing. This is due in part to a search for alternative avenues for combating obesity, which results from the excess accumulation of adipose tissue. Obesity is a major risk factor for complex disorders such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The ability of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes is often used as a model for studying adipogenesis in vitro. A key focus is the effect of both intra- and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) on adipogenesis. The consensus from the majority of studies is that ROS, irrespective of the source, promote adipogenesis.

The effect of ROS on adipogenesis is suppressed by antioxidants or ROS scavengers. Reactive oxygen species are generated during the process of adipocyte differentiation as well as by other cell metabolic processes. Despite many studies in this field, it is still not possible to state with certainty whether ROS measured during adipocyte differentiation are a cause or consequence of this process. In addition, it is still unclear what the exact sources are of the ROS that initiate and/or drive adipogenic differentiation in MSCs in vivo. This review provides an overview of our understanding of the role of ROS in adipocyte differentiation as well as how certain ROS scavengers and antioxidants might affect this process.

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Abbreviations

ASCs:: Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells
ATP:: Adenosine triphosphate
BAT:: Brown adipose tissue
BMAL1:: Brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1
BM-MSCs:: Bone marrow-derived MSCs
BMP:: Bone morphogenic protein
C/EBP:: CCAAT enhancer-binding protein
C/EBPα:: CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha
C/EBPβ:: CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta
C/EBPδ:: CCAAT enhancer-binding protein delta
CAT:: Catalase
CCL2:: C-C motif chemokine 2 precursor
CoQ:: Oxidized ubiquinone
CoQH₂:: Reduced ubiquinol
CREB:: Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein
Cyt:: Cytochrome
DPI:: Diphenyleneiodonium
e⁻:: electron
eNOS:: Endothelial nitric oxide
EPAS1:: Endothelial PAS domain protein 1
ETC:: Electron transport chain
FABP4:: Fatty acid-binding protein 4
FAT:: Fatty acid translocase (CD36)
FOXA2:: Forkhead box A2
FOXO1:: Forkhead box O1
Ga:: One billion years
GATA2:: GATA binding protein 2
GATA3:: GATA binding protein 3
GPx:: Glutathione peroxidase
GSTA4:: Glutathione S-transferase A4
H⁺:: Proton
H₂O:: Water
H₂O₂:: Hydrogen peroxide
IDII:: Standard adipogenic induction cocktail
IL10:: Interleukin 10
IL6:: Interleukin 6
IL8:: Interleukin 8
iNOS:: Inducible nitric oxide synthase
KLF:: Kruppel-like factor
LPL:: Lipoprotein lipase
M1:: Classically activated macrophage phenotype
MEFs:: Immortalized murine embryonic fibroblasts
mESCs:: Murine embryonic stem cells
MKP-1:: MAP kinase phosphatase-1
mMSCs:: Murine mesenchymal stem/stromal cells
MSCs:: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells
NAC:: N-acetyl-L-cysteine
NEFA:: Nonesterified fatty acid
NO:: Nitric oxide
NOS:: Nitric oxide synthase
NOX:: NADPH oxidase
O₂:: Oxygen
O₂⁻:: Superoxide
PPARγ:: Proliferator-activated receptor-gamma
Pref-1:: Preadipocyte factor-1
Prx3:: Peroxiredoxin 3
ROS:: Reactive oxygen species
SIRT1:: Histone deacetylase sirtuin 1
SOD:: Superoxide dismutase
SOD2:: Superoxide dismutase 2
SREBP1c:: Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1
STAT5a:: Signal transducer and activator of transcription-5a
TAZ:: Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif
TG:: Triacylglycerol
TNFα:: Tumor necrosis factor alpha
WAT:: White adipose tissue
ZFP423:: Zinc finger protein 423

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the South African Medical Research Council in terms of the SAMRC's Flagship Award Project SAMRC-RFA-UFSP-01-2013/STEM CELLS, the SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine of the University of Pretoria.

Conflicts of Interest Statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Author Contributions

Danielle de Villiers drafted the first version of the manuscript with input from Marnie Potgieter and Michael Pepper. Melvin Ambele, Chrisna Durandt, and Ladislaus Adam provided intellectual input and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors vetted and approved the final version of the manuscript. Michael Pepper conceived the project.

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Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Danielle de Villiers, Marnie Potgieter, Melvin A. Ambele, Ladislaus Adam, Chrisna Durandt & Michael S. Pepper
Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Marnie Potgieter
Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Melvin A. Ambele

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Danielle de Villiers
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Marnie Potgieter
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Melvin A. Ambele
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Ladislaus Adam
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Chrisna Durandt
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Michael S. Pepper
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Correspondence to Michael S. Pepper .

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Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Phuc Van Pham

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de Villiers, D., Potgieter, M., Ambele, M.A., Adam, L., Durandt, C., Pepper, M.S. (2017). The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Adipogenic Differentiation. In: Van Pham, P. (eds) Stem Cells: Biology and Engineering. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1083. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2017_119

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2017_119
Published: 15 November 2017
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77481-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77482-4
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